Quinolinone compounds as 5-HT4 receptor agonists

ABSTRACT

The invention provides novel quinolinone-carboxamide 5-HT 4  receptor agonist compounds. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds to treat diseases associated with 5-HT 4  receptor activity, and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/658,007 filed on Mar. 2, 2005, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention is directed to quinolinone-carboxamide compounds which are useful as 5-HT₄ receptor agonists. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, methods of using such compounds for treating medical conditions mediated by 5-HT₄ receptor activity, and processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

2. State of the Art

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that is widely distributed throughout the body, both in the central nervous system and in peripheral systems. At least seven subtypes of serotonin receptors have been identified and the interaction of serotonin with these different receptors is linked to a wide variety of physiological functions. There has been, therefore, substantial interest in developing therapeutic agents that target specific 5-HT receptor subtypes.

In particular, characterization of 5-HT₄ receptors and identification of pharmaceutical agents that interact with them has been the focus of significant recent activity. (See, for example, the review by Langlois and Fischmeister, J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 319-344.) For example, 5-HT₄ receptor agonists are useful for the treatment of disorders of reduced motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Such disorders include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic constipation, functional dyspepsia, delayed gastric emptying, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastroparesis, post-operative ileus, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and drug-induced delayed transit. In addition, it has been suggested that some 5-HT₄ receptor agonist compounds may be used in the treatment of central nervous system disorders including cognitive disorders, behavioral disorders, mood disorders, and disorders of control of autonomic function.

Despite the potential broad utility of pharmaceutical agents modulating 5-HT₄ receptor activity, few 5-HT₄ receptor agonist compounds are in clinical use at present. One agent, cisapride, that was utilized extensively for treatment of motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract was withdrawn from the market, reportedly due to cardiac side effects. Late stage clinical trials of another agent, prucalopride, have been suspended.

Accordingly, there is a need for new 5-HT₄ receptor agonists that achieve their desired effects with minimal side effects. Preferred agents may possess, among other properties, improved selectivity, potency, pharmacokinetic properties, and/or duration of action.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides novel compounds that possess 5-HT₄ receptor agonist activity. Among other properties, compounds of the invention have been found to be potent and selective 5-HT₄ receptor agonists.

Accordingly, the invention provides a compound of formula (I):

wherein

R¹ is hydrogen, halo, or C₁₋₄alkyl;

R² is C₃₋₄alkyl or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;

a is 0 or 1;

Z is a moiety of formula (a):

wherein:

b is 1,2 or 3;

d is 0 or 1;

X is carbon and Q is selected from -A-, -A(CH₂)₂N(R⁴)—, and —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂N(R⁴)—;

or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —S(O)₂CH₂C(O)—, —SCH₂C(O)—, —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, -A(CH₂)₂—,

G is W and c is 0, wherein W is selected from —N{C(O)R⁹}—, —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—, —N{C(O)OR¹²}—, —N{C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴}—, —N{S(O)₂NR¹³R¹⁴}—, —N{R¹⁶}—, —S(O)₂—, —O—, and —S—; provided that when G is W, c is 0, and b is 1, then X is carbon;

or G is carbon, c is 1, and Y is a moiety of formula (b):

wherein:

e is 0 or 1;

W′ is selected from —N(R⁸)C(O)R⁹, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂R¹⁰, —S(R¹¹)(O)₂, —N(R⁸)C(O)OR², —N(R⁸)C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂NR¹³R¹⁴, —C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —OC(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —C(O)OR¹², —OR¹⁵, and —N(R⁸)R¹⁶; provided that when X is nitrogen, e is 0, and W′ is attached to a carbon atom bonded to X, then W′ is —C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴ or —C(O)OR¹²;

A is selected from —S(O)₂CH₂C(O)N(R³)—, —N{C(O)R⁵}—, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, —N{S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—, and —OC(O)N(R^(7b))—;

R³ and R⁴ are independently C₁₋₄alkyl;

R⁵ is hydrogen, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₄₋₆cycloalkyl, or pyrimidin-4-yl;

R^(6a) and R^(6b) are independently hydrogen, C₅₋₆cycloalkyl, or C₁₋₄alkyl, wherein C₁₋₄alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, or cyano;

R^(7a) and R^(7b) are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;

R⁸ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;

R⁹ is hydrogen, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyridinyl, or C₁₋₄alkyl;

R¹⁰ is C₁₋₄alkyl, optionally substituted with S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl, or with from 1 to 3 halo;

R¹¹ is —NR¹³R¹⁴, or C₁₋₄alkyl;

R¹² is C₁₋₄alkyl;

R¹³, R¹⁴, and R¹⁵ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;

R¹⁶ is —(CH₂)_(r)—R¹⁷, wherein r is 0, 1, 2, or 3;

R¹⁷ is hydrogen, hydroxy, cyano, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, —C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —CF₃, pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, —N(R⁸)C(O)OR², —OC(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂CH₃, —S(O)₂NR¹³R¹⁴, or 2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl, wherein C₁₋₃alkoxy is optionally substituted with hydroxy; provided that when r is 0, R¹⁷ is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₃alkyl, and pyridinyl; and when r is 1, R¹⁷ is hydrogen or R¹⁷ forms a carbon-carbon bond with the —(CH₂)_(r)— carbon atom;

R¹⁸ is C₁₋₃alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy;

or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof.

The invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.

The invention also provides a method of treating a disease or condition associated with 5-HT₄ receptor activity, e.g. a disorder of reduced motility of the gastrointestinal tract, the method comprising administering to the mammal, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention.

Further, the invention provides a method of treating a disease or condition associated with 5-HT₄ receptor activity in a mammal, the method comprising administering to the mammal, a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier and a compound of the invention.

The compounds of the invention can also be used as research tools, i.e. to study biological systems or samples, or for studying the activity of other chemical compounds. Accordingly, in another of its method aspects, the invention provides a method of using a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof, as a research tool for studying a biological system or sample or for discovering new 5-HT₄ receptor agonists, the method comprising contacting a biological system or sample with a compound of the invention and determining the effects caused by the compound on the biological system or sample.

In separate and distinct aspects, the invention also provides synthetic processes and intermediates described herein, which are useful for preparing compounds of the invention.

The invention also provides a compound of the invention as described herein for use in medical therapy, as well as the use of a compound of the invention in the manufacture of a formulation or medicament for treating a disease or condition associated with 5-HT₄ receptor activity, e.g. a disorder of reduced motility of the gastrointestinal tract, in a mammal.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides novel quinolinone-carboxamide 5-HT₄ receptor agonists of formula (I), or pharmaceutically-acceptable salts or solvates or stereoisomers thereof. These compounds may contain one or more chiral centers and, when such a chiral center or centers are present, this invention is directed to racemic mixtures, pure stereoisomers, and stereoisomer-enriched mixtures of such isomers, unless otherwise indicated. When a particular stereoisomer is shown, it will be understood by those skilled in the art, that minor amounts of other stereoisomers may be present in the compositions of the invention unless otherwise indicated, provided that any utility of the composition as a whole is not eliminated by the presence of such other isomers.

The compounds of this invention also contain several basic groups (e.g., amino groups) and therefore, the compounds of formula (I) and its intermediates can exist in various salt forms. All such salt forms are included within the scope of this invention. Also, included within the scope of this invention are pharmaceutically-acceptable solvates of the compounds of formula (D) or the salts thereof.

Representative Embodiments

The following substituents and values are intended to provide representative examples and embodiments of various aspects of this invention. These representative values are intended to further define such aspects and embodiments and are not intended to exclude other embodiments or limit the scope of this invention. In this regard, the representation herein that a particular value or substituent is preferred is not intended in any way to exclude other values or substituents from this invention unless specifically indicated.

In a specific aspect, R¹ is hydrogen or halo.

In another specific aspect, R¹ is hydrogen, bromo, fluoro, or methyl. In another specific aspect, R¹ is hydrogen.

In a specific aspect, R² is n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, cyclobutyl or cyclopentyl.

In another specific aspect, R² is C₃₋₄alkyl.

In still another specific aspect, R² is isopropyl.

In a specific aspect, X is carbon. In specific aspects, X is carbon and Q is -A(CH₂)₂N(R⁴)—; or X is carbon and Q is -A-. When X is carbon, representative Q groups include —N{C(O)R⁵}—, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, and —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—, such as —N{C(O)C₁₋₃alkoxy}-, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, and —S(O)₂N(R)^(7a))—.

In another specific aspect, X is nitrogen. In specific aspects, X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, -A(CH₂)₂—,

or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, and -A(CH₂)₂—.

In another aspect, when X is nitrogen, Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))(CH₂)₂—, —N{C(O)R⁵}(CH₂)₂—, and —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}(CH₂)₂—. When X is nitrogen, representative Q moieties include —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, —S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂—, —N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂—, —N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂— and —N{S(O)₂CH₃}(CH₂)₂—.

In yet another aspect, when X is nitrogen, Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))(CH₂)₂—, —N{C(O)C₁₋₃alkoxy}(CH₂)₂—, and —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}(CH₂)₂—.

In a specific aspect, A is selected from —N{C(O)R⁵}—, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, and —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—.

In another specific aspect, A is selected from —N{C(O)C₁₋₃alkyl}-, —N{C(O)C₁₋₃alkoxy}-, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, and —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—.

In still another specific aspect, A is selected from —N{C(O)CH₃}—, —N{C(O)OCH₃}—; —N{C(O)NH₂}—, —N{C(O)NHCH₃}—, —N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂}—, —N{S(O)₂CH₃}—, and —S(O)₂N(CH₃)—.

In a specific aspect, G is W and c is 0, wherein W is as defined in formula (I). In another specific aspect, G is W, c is 0, b is 1, and X is carbon.

In a specific aspect, W is selected from —N{C(O)R⁹}—, —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—, —N{C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴}—, —N{R¹⁶}—, and —S(O)₂—, such as —N{C(O)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl}-, —N{C(O)CH₃}—, —N{C(O)CH₂CH₃}—, —N{S(O)₂CH₃}—, —N{S(O)₂CH₂CH₃}—, —N{C(O)NH₂}—, —N{C(O)NHCH₃}—, —N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂}—, —N{CH₃}—, —N{(CH₂)₂CN}—, —N{(CH₂)₂CH₃}—, and —S(O)₂—. In another specific aspect, W is selected from —S(O)₂—, —N{C(O)R⁹}—, —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—, —N{C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴}—, and —N{R¹⁶}—.

Alternatively, in another specific aspect, G is carbon, c is 1, and Y is a moiety of formula (b). In another specific aspect, G is carbon, c is 1, X is nitrogen, and Y is a moiety of formula (b).

In a specific aspect, W′ is selected from —N(R⁸)C(O)R⁹, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂R¹⁰, —S(R¹¹)(O)₂, —N(R⁸)C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —OR⁵, and —N(R⁸)R¹⁶, such as —N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃, —NHC(O)CH₃, —N(CH₃)C(O)H, —N(CH₃)C(O)CH₂CH₃, —N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃, —N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₂CH₃, —S(O)₂CH₃, —N(CH₃)C(O)NH₂, —N(CH₃)C(O)NHCH₃, —N(CH₃)C(O)N(CH₃)₂, —OH, —OCH₃, —N(CH₃)₂, —N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂CN, and —N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂CH₃. In another specific aspect, W′ is selected from —OR¹⁵ and —N(R⁸)R¹⁶.

In a specific aspect, R³ and R⁴ are independently C₁₋₃alkyl, such as methyl or ethyl. In another specific aspect, R³ and R⁴ are methyl.

In a specific aspect, R⁵ is hydrogen, C₁₋₃alkyl, or C₁₋₃alkoxy, such as hydrogen, methyl, or methoxy. In other specific aspects, R⁵ is C₁₋₃alkyl, such as methyl; or R⁵ is C₁₋₃alkoxy, such as methoxy.

In a specific aspect, R^(6a) and R^(6b) are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl, for instance, R^(6a) and R^(6b) are independently hydrogen or methyl.

In a specific aspect, R^(7a) and R^(7b) are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl, such as hydrogen or methyl. In another specific aspect, R^(7a) and R^(7b) are methyl.

In a specific aspect, R⁸ is hydrogen or C₁₋₃alkyl, such as hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl. In a specific aspect, R⁸ is hydrogen. In another specific aspect, R⁸ is methyl.

In a specific aspect, R⁹ is tetrahydrofuranyl, methyl, or ethyl.

In specific aspects, R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹² are independently methyl or ethyl; or R¹⁰, R¹¹, and R¹² are methyl.

In a specific aspect, R¹³, and R¹⁴ are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl. In another specific aspect, R¹³, and R¹⁴ are independently hydrogen or methyl.

In a specific aspect, R¹⁵ is hydrogen or C₁₋₃alkyl, such as hydrogen or methyl. In a specific aspect, R¹⁵ is hydrogen. In another specific aspect, R¹⁵ is methyl.

In a specific aspect, R¹⁶ is —(CH₂)_(r)—R¹⁷, wherein r is 0, or 1, or 2. In other specific aspects, r is 0; r is 1; or r is 2.

In a specific aspect, R¹⁷ is selected from hydroxy, cyano, C₁₋₃alkyl, and C₁₋₃alkoxy. In other specific aspects, R¹⁷ is selected from hydroxy, cyano, methyl, ethyl, propyl, methoxy, and ethoxy; or R¹⁷ is selected from cyano, methyl, ethyl, and propyl.

In a specific aspect, R¹⁸ is methyl or ethyl, wherein methyl or ethyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy.

In specific aspects, a is 0; or a is 1.

In specific aspects, b is 1 or 2; or b is 1; or b is 2.

In a specific aspect, b is 1 or 2, X is carbon, G is W, c is 0, and W is —S(O)₂—.

In another specific aspect, b is 2, G is W and c is 0, and W is selected from —S(O)₂—, —N{C(O)R⁹}—, —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—, —N{C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴}—, and —N{R¹⁶}—.

In specific aspects, c is 0; or c is 1.

In a specific aspect, d is 0.

In specific aspects, e is 0; or e is 1.

The invention further provides a compound of formula (I), wherein R¹ is hydrogen or halo, R² is C₃₋₄alkyl, and d is 0.

The invention further provides a compound of formula (I), wherein X is carbon and Q is -A-; or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, and -A(CH₂)₂—.

The invention further provides a compound of formula (I), wherein X is carbon and Q is selected from —N{C(O)R⁵}—, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, and —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—; or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))(CH₂)₂—, —N{C(O)R⁵}(CH₂)₂—, and —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}(CH₂)₂—.

The invention further provides a compound of formula (I), wherein G is W and c is 0, wherein W is selected from —N{C(O)R⁹}—, —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—, —N{C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴}—, —N{R¹⁶}—, and —S(O)₂—; or G is carbon, c is 1, and Y is a moiety of formula (b), wherein W′ is selected from —N(R⁸)C(O)R⁹, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂R¹⁰, —S(R¹¹)(O)₂, —N(R⁸)C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —OR¹⁵, and —N(R⁸)R¹⁶.

Additionally, the invention provides a compound of formula (I), wherein Z is:

(i) a moiety of formula (c):

wherein:

X is carbon and Q is -A-;

or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, and -A(CH₂)₂—;

b is 1, X is carbon, and W is —S(O)₂—;

or b is 2, X is carbon or nitrogen, and W is selected from —S(O)₂—, —N{C(O)R)⁹}—, —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—, —N{C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴})—, and —N{R¹⁶}—; or

(ii) a moiety of formula (d):

wherein:

Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, and -A(CH₂)₂—;

b is 1 or 2; and

W′ is selected from —N(R⁸)C(O)R⁹, —N(R⁹)S(O)₂R¹⁰, —S(R¹¹)(O)₂, —N(R⁸)C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —OR¹⁵, and —N(R⁸)R¹⁶; and

R⁸ is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl;

R⁹ is tetrahydrofuranyl, methyl, or ethyl;

R¹⁰ is methyl or ethyl;

R¹¹ is methyl or ethyl;

R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

R¹⁵ is hydrogen or methyl;

R¹⁶ is —(CH₂)_(r)—R¹⁷, wherein r is 0, 1, or 2; and

R¹⁷ is selected from hydroxy, cyano, C₁₋₃alkyl, and C₁₋₃alkoxy.

The invention also provides a compound of formula (I):

wherein:

R¹ is hydrogen, halo, or C₁₋₄alkyl;

R² is C₃₋₄alkyl or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;

a is 0 or 1;

Z is a moiety of formula (c):

wherein:

X is carbon and Q is -A-;

or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, and -A(CH₂)₂—;

b is 1, X is carbon, and W is —S(O)₂—;

or b is 2, X is carbon or nitrogen, and W is selected from —S(O)₂—, —N{C(O)R⁹}—, —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—, —N{C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴}—, and —N{R¹⁶}—; or Z is a moiety of formula (d):

wherein:

Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, and -A(CH₂)₂—;

b is 1 or 2; and

W′ is selected from —N(R⁸)C(O)R⁹, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂R¹⁰, —S(R¹¹)(O)₂, —N(R⁸)C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —OR¹⁵, and —N(R⁸)R¹⁶; provided that when W′ is attached to a carbon atom bonded to the nitrogen atom of the ring, then W′ is —C(O)N¹³R¹⁴; and

A is selected from —S(O)₂CH₂C(O)N(R³)—, —N{C(O)R⁵}—, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, —N{S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—, and —OC(O)N(R^(7b))—;

R³ is C₁₋₄alkyl;

R⁵ is hydrogen, C₁₋₃alkyl, or C₁₋₃alkoxy;

R^(6a) and R^(6b) are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;

R^(7a) and R^(7b) are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;

R⁸ is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl;

R⁹ is tetrahydrofuranyl, methyl, or ethyl;

R¹⁰ is methyl or ethyl;

R¹¹ is methyl or ethyl;

R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;

R¹⁵ is hydrogen or methyl;

R¹⁶ is —(CH₂)_(r)—R¹⁷, wherein r is 0, 1, or 2; and R¹⁷ is selected from hydroxy, cyano, C₁₋₃alkyl, and C₁₋₃alkoxy; provided that when r is 0, R¹⁷ is selected from C₁₋₃alkyl; and when r is 1, R¹⁷ is cyano or C₁₋₃alkyl;

or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof.

In a specific aspect, Z is a moiety of formula (c).

In specific aspects, Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is nitrogen, b is 2, and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))(CH₂)₂—, —N{C(O)C₁₋₃alkoxy}(CH₂)₂— and —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}(CH₂)₂—; or Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is nitrogen, b is 2, and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, and —N{C(O)C₁₋₃alkoxy}(CH₂)₂—.

In other specific aspects, Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is nitrogen, b is 2, and Q is —OC(O)—; Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is nitrogen, b is 2, and Q is —S(O)₂—; or Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is nitrogen, b is 2, and Q is —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—.

In another aspect, Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is nitrogen, Q is as defined herein, b is 2, and W is selected from —N{C(O)R⁹}—, and —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—.

In another aspect, Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is carbon and Q is selected from —N{C(O)C₁₋₃alkoxy}-, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, and —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—.

In other specific aspects, Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is carbon and Q is —N{C(O)C₁₋₃alkoxy}-; Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is carbon and Q is —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—; or Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is carbon and Q is —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—.

In still another specific aspect, Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is carbon, Q is as defined herein, and W is —S(O)₂—.

In a specific aspect, Z is a moiety of formula (d).

In yet another aspect, Z is a moiety of formula (d), wherein Q is selected from —OC(O)— and —S(O)₂—.

In another specific aspect, Z is a moiety of formula (d), wherein W′ is selected from —OR¹⁵ and —N(R⁸)R¹⁶.

Included within the invention are the compounds listed in Tables 1 to 5 herein.

The chemical naming conventions used herein are illustrated for the compound of Example 28:

which is designated 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1R,3R,5S)-8-(2-{[2-(4-dimethylcarbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]methanesulfonyl-amino}ethyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]-amide, according to the AutoNom software, provided by MDL Information Systems, GmbH (Frankfurt, Germany). The designation (1S,3R,5R) describes the relative orientation of the bonds associated with the bicyclic ring system that are depicted as solid and dashed wedges. The compound is alternatively denoted as N-[(3-endo)-8-(2-{[2-(4-dimethylcarbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]methane-sulfonylamino}ethyl)-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]-1-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxamide. In all of the compounds of the invention listed by name below, the quinolinone-carboxamide is endo to the azabicyclooctyl group.

Particular mention may be made of the following compounds:

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(3-dimethylaminopyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-sulfonyl]propyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(4-methylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[methanesulfonyl-(1-propylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(3-{[1-(2-methoxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methylsulfamoyl}propyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{3-[(1-methanesulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)methylsulfamoyl]propyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(3-{[1-(2-cyanoethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methylsulfamoyl}propyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ-thiophen-3-yl)methanesulfonylamino]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[1-(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ-thiophen-3-yl)-3,3-dimethylureido]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]-oct-3-yl)amide;

(1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(2-{[2-(4-dimethylcarbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]methanesulfonylamino}ethyl)-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[2-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanesulfonyl]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(2-{2-[4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonyl}ethyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[2-(4-ethanesulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanesulfonyl]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide;

(1,1-dioxo-hexahydro-1λ⁶-thiopyran-4-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[1-(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-3-methylureido]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide;

(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)-amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-[2-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ylethyl]-carbamic acid methyl ester;

[2-(4-dimethylcarbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}-ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester;

[2-(4-acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester;

[2-(1,1-dioxo-1λ⁶-thiomorpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester;

(1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester;

((S)-1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(methyl-{2-[4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}sulfamoyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{3-[4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperazine-1-sulfonyl]propyl}-8-aza-bicyclo-[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide;

1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(4-acetylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide;

4-methanesulfonyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl ester;

4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl ester;

4-acetyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl ester; and

4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}-propyl ester.

Definitions

When describing the compounds, compositions and methods of the invention, the following terms have the following meanings, unless otherwise indicated.

The term “alkyl” means a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Examples of particular values for a C₁₋₄alkyl group include, by way of example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl (n-Pr), isopropyl (i-Pr), n-butyl (n-Bu), sec-butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl.

The term “alkylene” means a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group which may be linear or branched or combinations thereof. Examples of particular values for a C₂₋₅alkylene include ethylene, propylene, isopropylene, butylene, and pentylene, and the like.

The term “alkoxy” means a monovalent group —O-alkyl, where alkyl is defined as above. Representative alkoxy groups include, by way of example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, and the like.

The term “cycloalkyl” means a monovalent saturated carbocyclic group which may be monocyclic or multicyclic. Unless otherwise defined, such cycloalkyl groups typically contain from 3 to 10 carbon atoms. Representative C₃₋₆cycloalkyl groups include, by way of example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like.

The term “halo” means a fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.

The term “compound” means a compound that was synthetically prepared or prepared in any other way, such as by metabolism.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” means an amount sufficient to effect treatment when administered to a patient in need of treatment.

The term “treatment” as used herein means the treatment of a disease, disorder, or medical condition in a patient, such as a mammal (particularly a human) which includes:

-   -   (a) preventing the disease, disorder, or medical condition from         occurring, i.e., prophylactic treatment of a patient;     -   (b) ameliorating the disease, disorder, or medical condition,         i.e., eliminating or causing regression of the disease,         disorder, or medical condition in a patient;     -   (c) suppressing the disease, disorder, or medical condition,         i.e., slowing or arresting the development of the disease,         disorder, or medical condition in a patient; or     -   (d) alleviating the symptoms of the disease, disorder, or         medical condition in a patient.

The term “pharmaceutically-acceptable salt” means a salt prepared from an acid or base which is acceptable for administration to a patient, such as a mammal. Such salts can be derived from pharmaceutically-acceptable inorganic or organic acids and from pharmaceutically-acceptable bases. Typically, pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of compounds of the present invention are prepared from acids.

Salts derived from pharmaceutically-acceptable acids include, but are not limited to, acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic, xinafoic (1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid), napthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid and the like.

The term “solvate” means a complex or aggregate formed by one or more molecules of a solute, i.e. a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, and one or more molecules of a solvent. Such solvates are typically crystalline solids having a substantially fixed molar ratio of solute and solvent. Representative solvents include by way of example, water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetic acid, and the like. When the solvent is water, the solvate formed is a hydrate.

It will be appreciated that the term “or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate of stereoisomer thereof” is intended to include all permutations of salts, solvates and stereoisomers, such as a solvate of a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of a stereoisomer of a compound of formula (I).

The term “leaving group” means a functional group or atom which can be displaced by another functional group or atom in a substitution reaction, such as a nucleophilic substitution reaction. By way of example, representative leaving groups include halo, such as chloro, bromo and iodo groups; sulfonic ester groups, such as mesylate, tosylate, brosylate, nosylate and the like; and acyloxy groups, such as acetoxy, trifluoroacetoxy and the like.

The term “amino-protecting group” means a protecting group suitable for preventing undesired reactions at an amino nitrogen. Representative amino-protecting groups include, but are not limited to, formyl; acyl groups, for example alkanoyl groups, such as acetyl; alkoxycarbonyl groups, such as tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc); arylmethoxycarbonyl groups, such as benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc); arylmethyl groups, such as benzyl (Bn), trityl (Tr), and 1,1-di-(4′-methoxyphenyl)methyl; silyl groups, such as trimethylsilyl (TMS) and tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS); and the like.

The term “hydroxy protecting group” means a protecting group suitable for preventing undesired reactions of a hydroxyl group. The term “hydroxyl-protecting group” means a protecting group suitable for preventing undesirable reactions at a hydroxyl group. Representative hydroxyl-protecting groups include, but are not limited to, silyl groups including tri(1-6C)alkylsilyl groups, such as trimethylsilyl (TMS), triethylsilyl (TES), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBS) and the like; esters (acyl groups) including (1-6C)alkanoyl groups, such as formyl, acetyl and the like; arylmethyl groups, such as benzyl (Bn), p-methoxybenzyl (PMB), 9-fluorenylmethyl (Fm), diphenylmethyl (benzhydryl, DPM) and the like. Additionally, two hydroxyl groups can also be protected as an alkylidene group, such as prop-2-ylidine, formed, for example, by reaction with a ketone, such as acetone.

General Synthetic Procedures

Compounds of the invention can be prepared from readily available starting materials using the following general methods and procedures. Although a particular aspect of the present invention is illustrated in the schemes below, those skilled in the art will recognize that all aspects of the present invention can be prepared using the methods described herein or by using other methods, reagents and starting materials known to those skilled in the art. It will also be appreciated that where typical or preferred process conditions (i.e., reaction temperatures, times, mole ratios of reactants, solvents, pressures, etc.) are given, other process conditions can also be used unless otherwise stated. Optimum reaction conditions may vary with the particular reactants or solvent used, but such conditions can be determined by one skilled in the art by routine optimization procedures.

Additionally, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, conventional protecting groups may be necessary to prevent certain functional groups from undergoing undesired reactions. The choice of a suitable protecting group for a particular functional group, as well as suitable conditions for protection and deprotection, are well known in the art. For example, numerous protecting groups, and their introduction and removal, are described in T. W. Greene and G. M. Wuts, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, Third Edition, Wiley, New York, 1999, and references cited therein.

The substituents and variables shown in the following schemes have the definitions provided herein unless otherwise indicated.

In one method of synthesis, compounds of formula (I) are prepared as illustrated in Scheme A:

As shown in Scheme A, a compound of formula (III) is reacted with a compound of formula (IV) wherein L¹ is a leaving group, such as halo, for example, chloro, or a sulfonic ester group, such as mesylate, tosylate, brosylate, nosylate and the like, to provide a compound of formula (I) or a salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof.

When L¹ is a halo leaving group, such as chloro, the reaction is typically conducted by contacting a compound of formula (III) with between about 1 and about 4 equivalents of a compound of formula (IV) in an inert diluent, such as N,N-dimethyl-formamide (DMF), in the presence of an excess of a base, for example between about 3 and about 6 equivalents of base, such as N,N-diisopropylethylamine or 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), in the presence of a catalyst, such as sodium iodide. Suitable inert diluents also include DMF, dichloromethane, trichloromethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, and the like. Suitable catalysts include, for example, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, and tetrabutylammonium iodide. The reaction is typically conducted at a temperature in the range of about 15° C. to about 90° C. for about 4 hours to about 48 hours, or until the reaction is substantially complete.

The product of formula (I) is isolated and purified by conventional procedures. For example, the product can be concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, taken up in an aqueous weak acid solution and purified by HPLC chromatography.

Alternatively, compounds of formula (I), wherein X is carbon and Q is selected from -A(CH₂)₂N(R⁴)— and —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂N(R⁴)—; or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂— and -A(CH₂)₂—; can be prepared as illustrated in Scheme B shown below, to provide a compound of formula (I-a).

As shown in Scheme B, a compound of formula (V), wherein Q¹ is selected from —S(O)₂— and -A-, is reacted with H-D, an amine compound of formula (VI), wherein D is selected from a moiety of formula (D1):

and a moiety of formula (D2):

to provide a compound of formula (I-a) or a salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof.

It will be understood that while intermediate compound (V) is shown in the form of an aldehyde hydrate, intermediate (V) can equivalently be depicted in the form of an aldehyde.

In scheme B, intermediate compound (V) is reductively coupled with an amine of formula (VI) to provide a compound of formula (I-a). Typically, a solution is prepared of between about 1 and about 3 equivalents of the amine of formula (VI) and a reducing agent in an inert diluent in the presence of a base, such as, for example, N,N-diisopropyl-ethylamine or 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). Suitable reducing agents, for example, include hydrogen in the presence of a Group VIII metal catalyst, such as palladium on charcoal, or a borohydride, such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride, sodium cyanoborohydride, lithium cyanoborohydride, and the like. Suitable inert diluents include acetonitrile, halogenated hydrocarbons, such as dichloromethane (DCM) and dichloroethane, alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof.

Intermediate (V) is added slowly to the amine mixture. Generally, this reaction is conducted at a temperature ranging from about 0° C. to about 50° C. for a period of about 10 minutes to about 12 hours or until the reaction is substantially complete. The reaction product is then isolated using conventional procedures, such as extraction, recrystallization, chromatography and the like.

Alternatively, a compound of formula (I-a), wherein Q¹ is —S(O)₂—, can be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound (V-a):

with a compound of formula (VI), to provide a compound of formula (I-a), wherein Q¹ is —S(O)₂—, or a salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof. This reaction is typically conducted either in the presence of a base, such as N,N′-diisopropylethylamine or inorganic bases, such as sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide when the reacting amines are given in salt form, or in the absence of a base when the reacting amines are given in neutral form. Generally, this reaction is conducted in an inert diluent, such as dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, DMF, or water, at a temperature ranging from about 0° C. to about 100° C. until the reaction is substantially complete. The reaction product is then isolated using conventional procedures, such as extraction, recrystallization, chromatography and the like.

A compound of formula (I-a) can also be prepared by reacting an intermediate compound (V-b):

in which L² is a leaving group, with a compound of formula (VI), to provide a compound of formula (I-a). Typical conditions for this coupling reaction are described in Scheme A.

Alternatively, compounds of formula (I), wherein X is carbon and Q is selected from -A¹- and -A¹(CH₂)₂N(R⁴)—; or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from -A¹(CH₂)₂—, wherein A¹ is selected from —N{C(O)R⁵}—, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, and —N{S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—; can be prepared as illustrated in Scheme C shown below:

As shown in Scheme C, a compound of formula (VII), wherein E is selected from a moiety of formula (E1):

and a moiety of formula —CH₂CH₂-D, wherein D is selected from a moiety of formula (D1) and a moiety of formula (D2); is reacted with a compound of formula (VIII), wherein L³-R^(a) is C₁₋₄alkylisocyanate, or L³ is a leaving group, such as halo, p-nitrophenol, or a sulfonic ester group, and R^(a) is —C(O)R⁵, —C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b), —S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl, or —S(O)₂NR^(a)R^(6b); to provide a compound of formula (I-b) or a salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof.

Typically, compound (VII) is contacted with between about 1 and about 6 equivalents of compound (VIII) in an inert diluent, such as dichloromethane, chloroform, N-methylpyrrolidinone, DMF, or the like, in the presence of 2 to 3 equivalents of a base, such as N,N-diisopropylethylamine, triethylamine, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and the like. The reaction is typically conducted at a temperature of between about 0° C. and about 120° C. for between about 10 minutes and about 24 hours, or until the reaction is substantially complete to provide a compound of formula (I-b).

A compound of formula (III) can be prepared as illustrated in Scheme D:

In Scheme D, a substituted quinolinone carboxylic acid (1) is reacted with a protected aminotropane (2), wherein P¹ is an amino-protecting group, to provide a protected intermediate (III-p), which is then de-protected to provide a compound of formula (III).

A substituted quinolinone carboxylic acid (1) can be readily prepared by procedures similar to those reported in the literature in Suzuki et al, Heterocycles, 2000, 53, 2471-2485 and described in the examples below.

A protected aminotropane (2) or aminoazabicyclooctane can be prepared from readily available starting materials. For example, when the protecting group P¹ is Boc, the protected tropane can be prepared by contacting 2,5-dimethoxy tetrahydrofuran with between about 1 and 2 equivalents, preferably about 1.5 equivalents of benzyl amine and a slight excess, for example about 1.1 equivalents, of 1,3-acetonedicarboxylic acid in an acidic aqueous solution in the presence of a buffering agent such as sodium hydrogen phosphate. The reaction mixture is heated to between about 60° C. and about 100° C. to ensure decarboxylation of any carboxylated intermediates in the product, 8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one, commonly N-benzyltropanone.

The resulting N-benzyltropanone is typically reacted with a slight excess of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (commonly (Boc)₂O), for example, about 1.1 equivalents, under a hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of a transition metal catalyst to provide a Boc protected intermediate, 3-oxo-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. The reaction is typically conducted at ambient temperature for about 12 to about 72 hours. Finally, 3-oxo-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester is contacted with a large excess, for example at least about 25 equivalents, of ammonium formate in an inert diluent, such as methanol, in the presence of a transition metal catalyst to provide intermediate (2) where P¹ is Boc, in the endo configuration with high stereospecificity, for example, endo to exo ratio of >99:1. The reaction is typically conducted at ambient temperature for about 12 to about 72 hours or until the reaction is substantially complete. It is advantageous to add the ammonium formate reagent in portions. For example, 3-oxo-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester is contacted with an initial portion of ammonium formate of about 15 to about 25 equivalents. After an interval of about 12 to about 36 hours, an additional portion of about 5 to about 10 equivalents of ammonium formate is added. The subsequent addition can be repeated after a similar interval. The product can be purified by conventional procedures, such as alkaline extraction.

Intermediate compound (III) can be prepared by coupling a substituted quinolinone carboxylic acid (1), with a protected aminotropane (2) under conditions similar to those described in Scheme A for amide bond formation. The protecting group P¹ can be removed by standard procedures to provide an intermediate compound (III). For example when the protecting group is Boc, typically removal is by treatment with an acid, such as trifluoroacetic acid, providing the acid salt of the intermediate. The protecting group Cbz, for another example, is conveniently removed by hydrogenolysis over a suitable metal catalyst such as palladium on carbon.

An intermediate compound of formula (IV) can be prepared as illustrated below in Scheme E:

As shown in Scheme E, a compound of formula (IV) can be prepared by reacting an amine, intermediate (4), (6), or (8), with intermediate (3), (5), or (7) respectively, containing L⁴, a leaving group, to provide a compound of formula (IV). Q³ and Q⁴ are defined below.

For example, a compound of formula (IV) wherein X is carbon and Q is selected from —S(O)₂CH₂C(O)N(R³)—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂N(R⁴)—, —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—, —OC(O)N(R^(7b))—, and -A(CH₂)₂N(R⁴)—, can be prepared by Scheme E-(i), by reacting intermediate (3) wherein L¹ and L⁴ are leaving groups, and Q³ is selected from —S(O)₂CH₂C(O)—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, —S(O)₂—, —OC(O)—, and -A(CH₂)₂—, with intermediate (4) wherein R^(b) is selected from R³, R⁴, R^(7a), and R^(7b) as defined herein; to provide a compound of formula (IV).

Similarly, a compound of formula (IV) wherein X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —S(O)₂CH₂C(O)—, —SCH₂C(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, —OC(O)—, -A(CH₂)₂—,

can be prepared by Scheme E-(ii) by reacting intermediate (5) wherein L¹ and L⁴ are leaving groups, and Q⁴ is selected from —S(O)₂CH₂C(O)—, —SCH₂C(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, —OC(O)—, -A(CH₂)₂—,

with intermediate (6), to provide a compound of formula (IV).

Similarly, a compound of formula (IV) where X is carbon and Q is -A¹-, wherein A¹ is selected from —N{C(O)R⁵}—, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, and —N{S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b)})—; can be prepared by Scheme E-(iii); by reacting intermediate (7) wherein L¹ and L⁴ are leaving groups, with intermediate compound (8), wherein R^(a) is —C(O)R⁵, —C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b), —S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl, or —S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b); to provide a compound of formula (IV).

The reactions of Scheme E are typically conducted under the conditions described above for Scheme A, and are further illustrated in the Examples herein.

A compound of formula (V) can be prepared as illustrated in Scheme F:

wherein a dimethoxy acetal intermediate compound (9) (wherein Q¹ is selected from —S(O)₂— and -A-) is hydrolyzed in an aqueous solution of a strong acid, for example, 3N or 6N HCl, to provide a compound of formula (V). While intermediate compound (V) is shown in the form of an aldehyde hydrate, it can equivalently be depicted in the form of an aldehyde.

An intermediate compound (9-a), representative of intermediate (9), wherein a is 0, and Q¹ is selected from —N{C(O)R⁵}—, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, and —N{S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, can be prepared as illustrated in Scheme G:

As shown in Scheme G, intermediate (III) is reductively N-alkylated by reaction with dimethoxyacetaldehyde to provide an intermediate of formula (10). This reaction is typically conducted by contacting intermediate (III) with between about 1 and about 4 equivalents of dimethoxyacetaldehyde in an inert diluent in the presence of a base, such as N,N′-diisopropylethylamine, and between about 1 and about 2 equivalents of a reducing agent. The reaction is typically conducted at ambient temperature for about 1 to about 2 hours, or until the reaction is substantially complete. Suitable inert diluents include dichloromethane, trichloromethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and the like. Typical reducing agents include sodium triacetoxyborohydride, sodium borohydride, and sodium cyanoborohydride. The product (10) is isolated by standard procedures.

Next, the dimethoxy intermediate (10) is hydrolyzed in an aqueous solution of a strong acid, for example 3N or 6H HCl, to provide the dihydroxyethyl intermediate (11). The reaction is typically conducted at a temperature in the range of about 25° C. to about 100° C. for about 15 minutes to about 2 hours, or until the reaction is substantially complete.

Next, intermediate (11) is reductively coupled with aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, to provide intermediate (12). Typically a solution is prepared of between about 1 and about 2 equivalents of the aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal and a reducing agent in an inert diluent. The intermediate (11) is added slowly to the amine mixture. The reaction is typically conducted at ambient temperature for about 15 minutes to about 2 hours, or until the reaction is substantially complete.

Finally intermediate (12) is reacted with a compound of formula (VIII) to provide intermediate (9-a). Typical conditions for this reaction are described in Scheme C herein.

A compound of formula (VII) can be prepared as shown in Scheme H:

by reductively coupling a dihydroxy acetal intermediate (11) with intermediate (13) or (14), to provide a compound of formula (VII). For example, a compound of formula (VII) wherein E is a moiety of formula (E1) can be prepared by reductively coupling intermediate (11) with intermediate (14). Whereas a compound of formula (VII) wherein E is a moiety of the formula —CH₂CH₂-D can be prepared by reductively coupling intermediate (11) with intermediate (13). Typical conditions for these reactions are described above in Scheme B.

Compounds of formulae (VI) and (VIII), and intermediates (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (13), and (14) employed in the reactions described in this application are available commercially or are readily prepared by standard procedures from common starting materials.

Further details regarding specific reaction conditions and other procedures for preparing representative compounds of the invention or intermediates thereto are described in the examples below.

Accordingly, the invention provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (I):

wherein R¹, R², a and Z are as defined herein for a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof,

the process comprising reacting a compound of formula (III):

or a salt or stereoisomer thereof, with a compound of formula (IV):

wherein L¹ is a leaving group, to provide a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof.

The invention further provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (I-a):

wherein:

Q¹ is selected from —S(O)₂—, and -A-; and

D is selected from a moiety of formula (D1):

a moiety of formula (D2):

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R¹¹, A, Y, G, a, b, c, and d are as defined herein for a compound of formula (I); or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof, the process comprising reacting a compound of formula (V):

with a compound of formula (VI): H-D   (VI)

to provide a compound of formula (I-a) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof.

Accordingly, the invention further provides a compound of formula (I-a).

The invention also provides a process for preparing a compound of formula (I-b):

wherein R^(a) is —C(O)R⁵, —C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b), —S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl, or —S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b); and

E is selected from a moiety of formula (E1):

and a moiety of formula —CH₂CH₂-D, wherein D is selected from a moiety of formula (DI):

and a moiety of formula (D2):

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, R^(6a), R^(6b), R¹⁸, Y, G, a, b, c, and d are as defined herein for a compound of formula (I); or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof, the process comprising reacting a compound of formula (VII):

with a compound of formula (VIII): L³-R^(a)   (VIII)

wherein L³-R^(a) is C₁₋₄alkylisocyanate, or L³ is a leaving group, and R^(a) is —C(O)R⁵, —C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b), —S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl, or —S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b); to provide a compound of formula (I-b) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, solvate, or stereoisomer thereof.

In addition, the invention provides a compound of formula (I-b).

The invention further provides the product of the processes described herein.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

The quinolinone-carboxamide compounds of the invention are typically administered to a patient in the form of a pharmaceutical composition. Such pharmaceutical compositions may be administered to the patient by any acceptable route of administration including, but not limited to, oral, rectal, vaginal, nasal, inhaled, topical (including transdermal) and parenteral modes of administration.

Accordingly, in one of its compositions aspects, the invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier or excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof. Optionally, such pharmaceutical compositions may contain other therapeutic and/or formulating agents if desired.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention typically contain a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof. Typically, such pharmaceutical compositions will contain from about 0.1 to about 95% by weight of the active agent; preferably, from about 5 to about 70% by weight; and more preferably from about 10 to about 60% by weight of the active agent.

Any conventional carrier or excipient may be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention. The choice of a particular carrier or excipient, or combinations of carriers or excipients, will depend on the mode of administration being used to treat a particular patient or type of medical condition or disease state. In this regard, the preparation of a suitable pharmaceutical composition for a particular mode of administration is well within the scope of those skilled in the pharmaceutical arts. Additionally, the ingredients for such compositions are commercially available from, for example, Sigma, P.O. Box 14508, St. Louis, Mo. 63178. By way of further illustration, conventional formulation techniques are described in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20^(th) Edition, Lippincott Williams & White, Baltimore, Md. (2000); and H. C. Ansel et al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, 7^(th) Edition, Lippincott Williams & White, Baltimore, Md. (1999).

Representative examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) sugars, such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; (2) starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; (3) cellulose, such as microcrystalline cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; (4) powdered tragacanth; (5) malt; (6) gelatin; (7) talc; (8) excipients, such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; (9) oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; (10) glycols, such as propylene glycol; (11) polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol; (12) esters, such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; (13) agar; (14) buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; (15) alginic acid; (16) pyrogen-free water; (17) isotonic saline; (18) Ringer's solution; (19) ethyl alcohol; (20) phosphate buffer solutions; and (21) other non-toxic compatible substances employed in pharmaceutical compositions.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are typically prepared by thoroughly and intimately mixing or blending a compound of the invention with a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier and one or more optional ingredients. If necessary or desired, the resulting uniformly blended mixture can then be shaped or loaded into tablets, capsules, pills and the like using conventional procedures and equipment.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are preferably packaged in a unit dosage form. The term “unit dosage form” means a physically discrete unit suitable for dosing a patient, i.e., each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active agent calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect either alone or in combination with one or more additional units. For example, such unit dosage forms may be capsules, tablets, pills, and the like.

In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are suitable for oral administration. Suitable pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration may be in the form of capsules, tablets, pills, lozenges, cachets, dragees, powders, granules; or as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid; or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion; or as an elixir or syrup; and the like; each containing a predetermined amount of a compound of the present invention as an active ingredient.

When intended for oral administration in a solid dosage form (i.e., as capsules, tablets, pills and the like), the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention will typically comprise a compound of the present invention as the active ingredient and one or more pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate. Optionally or alternatively, such solid dosage forms may also comprise: (1) fillers or extenders, such as starches, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and/or silicic acid; (2) binders, such as carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sucrose and/or acacia; (3) humectants, such as glycerol; (4) disintegrating agents, such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and/or sodium carbonate; (5) solution retarding agents, such as paraffin; (6) absorption accelerators, such as quaternary ammonium compounds; (7) wetting agents, such as cetyl alcohol and/or glycerol monostearate; (8) absorbents, such as kaolin and/or bentonite clay; (9) lubricants, such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and/or mixtures thereof; (10) coloring agents; and (11) buffering agents.

Release agents, wetting agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention. Examples of pharmaceutically-acceptable antioxidants include: (1) water-soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, cysteine hydrochloride, sodium bisulfate, sodium metabisulfate sodium sulfite and the like; (2) oil-soluble antioxidants, such as ascorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), lecithin, propyl gallate, alpha-tocopherol, and the like; and (3) metal-chelating agents, such as citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sorbitol, tartaric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like. Coating agents for tablets, capsules, pills and like, include those used for enteric coatings, such as cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, methacrylic acid-methacrylic acid ester copolymers, cellulose acetate trimellitate (CAT), carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose (CMEC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS), and the like.

If desired, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may also be formulated to provide slow or controlled release of the active ingredient using, by way of example, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose in varying proportions; or other polymer matrices, liposomes and/or microspheres.

In addition, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may optionally contain opacifying agents and may be formulated so that they release the active ingredient only, or preferentially, in a certain portion of the gastrointestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. The active ingredient can also be in micro-encapsulated form, if appropriate, with one or more of the above-described excipients.

Suitable liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, by way of illustration, pharmaceutically-acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. Such liquid dosage forms typically comprise the active ingredient and an inert diluent, such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers, such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, oils (such as, for example, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Suspensions, in addition to the active ingredient, may contain suspending agents such as, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar and tragacanth, and mixtures thereof.

Alternatively, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are formulated for administration by inhalation. Suitable pharmaceutical compositions for administration by inhalation will typically be in the form of an aerosol or a powder. Such compositions are generally administered using well-known delivery devices, such as a metered-dose inhaler, a dry powder inhaler, a nebulizer or a similar delivery device.

When administered by inhalation using a pressurized container, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention will typically comprise the active ingredient and a suitable propellant, such as dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas.

Additionally, the pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of a capsule or cartridge (made, for example, from gelatin) comprising a compound of the invention and a powder suitable for use in a powder inhaler. Suitable powder bases include, by way of example, lactose or starch.

The compounds of the invention can also be administered transdermally using known transdermal delivery systems and excipients. For example, a compound of the invention can be admixed with permeation enhancers, such as propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol monolaurate, azacycloalkan-2-ones and the like, and incorporated into a patch or similar delivery system. Additional excipients including gelling agents, emulsifiers and buffers, may be used in such transdermal compositions if desired.

The following formulations illustrate representative pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention:

Formulation Example A

Hard gelatin capsules for oral administration are prepared as follows:

Ingredients Amount Compound of the invention 50 mg Lactose (spray-dried) 200 mg Magnesium stearate 10 mg

-   -   Representative Procedure: The ingredients are thoroughly blended         and then loaded into a hard gelatin capsule (260 mg of         composition per capsule).

Formulation Example B

Hard gelatin capsules for oral administration are prepared as follows:

Ingredients Amount Compound of the invention 20 mg Starch 89 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 89 mg Magnesium stearate 2 mg

-   -   Representative Procedure: The ingredients are thoroughly blended         and then passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and loaded into         a hard gelatin capsule (200 mg of composition per capsule).

Formulation Example C

Capsules for oral administration are prepared as follows:

Ingredients Amount Compound of the invention 10 mg Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate 50 mg Starch powder 250 mg

-   -   Representative Procedure: The ingredients are thoroughly blended         and then loaded into a gelatin capsule (310 mg of composition         per capsule).

Formulation Example D

Tablets for oral administration are prepared as follows:

Ingredients Amount Compound of the invention 5 mg Starch 50 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 35 mg Polyvinylpyrrolidone (10 wt. % in water) 4 mg Sodium carboxymethyl starch 4.5 mg Magnesium stearate 0.5 mg Talc 1 mg

-   -   Representative Procedure: The active ingredient, starch and         cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed         thoroughly. The solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with         the resulting powders, and this mixture is then passed through a         No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve. The granules so produced are dried at         50-60° C. and passed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve. The         sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate and talc         (previously passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve) are then         added to the granules. After mixing, the mixture is compressed         on a tablet machine to afford a tablet weighing 100 mg.

Formulation Example E

Tablets for oral administration are prepared as follows:

Ingredients Amount Compound of the invention 25 mg Microcrystalline cellulose 400 mg Silicon dioxide fumed 10 mg Stearic acid 5 mg

-   -   Representative Procedure: The ingredients are thoroughly blended         and then compressed to form tablets (440 mg of composition per         tablet).

Formulation Example F

Single-scored tablets for oral administration are prepared as follows:

Ingredients Amount Compound of the invention 15 mg Cornstarch 50 mg Croscarmellose sodium 25 mg Lactose 120 mg Magnesium stearate 5 mg

-   -   Representative Procedure: The ingredients are thoroughly blended         and compressed to form a single-scored tablet (215 mg of         compositions per tablet).

Formulation Example G

A suspension for oral administration is prepared as follows:

Ingredients Amount Compound of the invention 0.1 g Fumaric acid 0.5 g Sodium chloride 2.0 g Methyl paraben 0.15 g Propyl paraben 0.05 g Granulated sugar 25.5 g Sorbitol (70% solution) 12.85 g Veegum k (Vanderbilt Co.) 1.0 g Flavoring 0.035 mL Colorings 0.5 mg Distilled water q.s. to 100 mL

-   -   Representative Procedure: The ingredients are mixed to form a         suspension containing 10 mg of active ingredient per 10 mL of         suspension.

Formulation Example H

A dry powder for administration by inhalation is prepared as follows:

Ingredients Amount Compound of the invention 1.0 mg Lactose 25 mg

-   -   Representative Procedure: The active ingredient is micronized         and then blended with lactose. This blended mixture is then         loaded into a gelatin inhalation cartridge. The contents of the         cartridge are administered using a powder inhaler.

Formulation Example I

A dry powder for administration by inhalation in a metered dose inhaler is prepared as follows:

-   -   Representative Procedure: A suspension containing 5 wt. % of a         compound of the invention and 0.1 wt. % lecithin is prepared by         dispersing 10 g of active compound as micronized particles with         mean size less than 10 μm in a solution formed from 0.2 g of         lecithin dissolved in 200 mL of demineralized water. The         suspension is spray dried and the resulting material is         micronized to particles having a mean diameter less than 1.5 μm.         The particles are loaded into cartridges with pressurized         1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.

Formulation Example J

An injectable formulation is prepared as follows:

Ingredients Amount Compound of the invention 0.2 g Sodium acetate buffer solution (0.4 M) 40 mL HCl (0.5 N) or NaOH (0.5 N) q.s. to pH 4 Water (distilled, sterile) q.s. to 20 mL

-   -   Representative Procedure: The above ingredients are blended and         the pH is adjusted to 4±0.5 using 0.5 N HCl or 0.5 N NaOH.

Formulation Example K

Capsules for oral administration are prepared as follows:

Ingredients Amount Compound of the Invention 4.05 mg Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH 103) 259.2 mg Magnesium stearate 0.75 mg

-   -   Representative Procedure: The ingredients are thoroughly blended         and then loaded into a gelatin capsule (Size #1, White, Opaque)         (264 mg of composition per capsule).

Formulation Example L

Capsules for oral administration are prepared as follows:

Ingredients Amount Compound of the Invention 8.2 mg Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH 103) 139.05 mg Magnesium stearate 0.75 mg

-   -   Representative Procedure: The ingredients are thoroughly blended         and then loaded into a gelatin capsule (Size #1, White, Opaque)         (148 mg of composition per capsule).

It will be understood that any form of the compounds of the invention, (i.e. free base, pharmaceutical salt, or solvate) that is suitable for the particular mode of administration, can be used in the pharmaceutical compositions discussed above.

Utility

The quinolinone-carboxamide compounds of the invention are 5-HT₄ receptor agonists and therefore are expected to be useful for treating medical conditions mediated by 5-HT₄ receptors or associated with 5-HT₄ receptor activity, i.e. medical conditions which are ameliorated by treatment with a 5-HT₄ receptor agonist. Such medical conditions include, but are not limited to, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), chronic constipation, functional dyspepsia, delayed gastric emptying, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastroparesis, diabetic and idiopathic gastropathy, post-operative ileus, intestinal pseudo-obstruction, and drug-induced delayed transit. In addition, it has been suggested that some 5-HT₄ receptor agonist compounds may be used in the treatment of central nervous system disorders including cognitive disorders, behavioral disorders, mood disorders, and disorders of control of autonomic function.

In particular, the compounds of the invention increase motility of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are thus are expected to be useful for treating disorders of the GI tract caused by reduced motility in mammals, including humans. Such GI motility disorders include, by way of illustration, chronic constipation, constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (C-IBS), diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis, and functional dyspepsia.

In one aspect, therefore, the invention provides a method of increasing motility of the gastrointestinal tract in a mammal, the method comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier and a compound of the invention.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of treating a disorder of reduced motility of the gastrointestinal tract in a mammal, the method comprising administering to the mammal, a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier and a compound of the invention.

When used to treat disorders of reduced motility of the GI tract or other conditions mediated by 5-HT₄ receptors, the compounds of the invention will typically be administered orally in a single daily dose or in multiple doses per day, although other forms of administration may be used. The amount of active agent administered per dose or the total amount administered per day will typically be determined by a physician, in the light of the relevant circumstances, including the condition to be treated, the chosen route of administration, the actual compound administered and its relative activity, the age, weight, and response of the individual patient, the severity of the patient's symptoms, and the like.

Suitable doses for treating disorders of reduced motility of the GI tract or other disorders mediated by 5-HT₄ receptors will range from about 0.0007 to about 20 mg/kg/day of active agent, including from about 0.0007 to about 1 mg/kg/day. For an average 70 kg human, this would amount to from about 0.05 to about 70 mg per day of active agent.

In one aspect of the invention, the compounds of the invention are used to treat chronic constipation. When used to treat chronic constipation, the compounds of the invention will typically be administered orally in a single daily dose or in multiple doses per day. Preferably, the dose for treating chronic constipation is expected to range from about 0.05 to about 70 mg per day.

In another aspect of the invention, the compounds of the invention are used to treat irritable bowel syndrome. When used to treat constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome, the compounds of the invention will typically be administered orally in a single daily dose or in multiple doses per day. Preferably, the dose for treating constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome is expected to range from about 0.05 to about 70 mg per day.

In another aspect of the invention, the compounds of the invention are used to treat diabetic gastroparesis. When used to treat diabetic gastroparesis, the compounds of the invention will typically be administered orally in a single daily dose or in multiple doses per day. Preferably, the dose for treating diabetic gastroparesis is expected to range from about 0.05 to about 70 mg per day.

In yet another aspect of the invention, the compounds of the invention are used to treat functional dyspepsia. When used to treat functional dyspepsia, the compounds of the invention will typically be administered orally in a single daily dose or in multiple doses per day. Preferably, the dose for treating functional dyspepsia is expected to range from about 0.05 to about 70 mg per day.

The invention also provides a method of treating a mammal having a disease or condition associated with 5-HT₄ receptor activity, the method comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention or of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention.

Since the compounds of the invention are 5-HT₄ receptor agonists, such compounds also useful as research tools for investigating or studying biological systems or samples having 5-HT₄ receptors, or for discovering new 5-HT₄ receptor agonists. Moreover, since compounds of the invention exhibit binding selectivity for 5-HT₄ receptors as compared with binding to receptors of other 5-HT subtypes, particularly 5-HT₃ receptors, such compounds are particularly useful for studying the effects of selective agonism of 5-HT₄ receptors in a biological system or sample. Any suitable biological system or sample having 5-HT₄ receptors may be employed in such studies which may be conducted either in vitro or in vivo. Representative biological systems or samples suitable for such studies include, but are not limited to, cells, cellular extracts, plasma membranes, tissue samples, mammals (such as mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, pigs, etc.) and the like.

In this aspect of the invention, a biological system or sample comprising a 5-HT₄ receptor is contacted with a 5-HT₄ receptor-agonizing amount of a compound of the invention. The effects of agonizing the 5-HT₄ receptor are then determined using conventional procedures and equipment, such as radioligand binding assays and functional assays. Such functional assays include ligand-mediated changes in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), ligand-mediated changes in activity of the enzyme adenylyl cyclase (which synthesizes cAMP), ligand-mediated changes in incorporation of analogs of guanosine triphosphate (GTP), such as [³⁵S]GTPγS (guanosine 5′-O-(γ-thio)triphosphate) or GTP-Eu, into isolated membranes via receptor catalyzed exchange of GTP analogs for GDP analogs, ligand-mediated changes in free intracellular calcium ions (measured, for example, with a fluorescence-linked imaging plate reader or FLIPR® from Molecular Devices, Inc.), and measurement of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. A compound of the invention may agonize or increase the activation of 5-HT₄ receptors in any of the functional assays listed above, or assays of a similar nature. A 5-HT₄ receptor-agonizing amount of a compound of the invention will typically range from about 1 nanomolar to about 1000 nanomolar.

Additionally, the compounds of the invention can be used as research tools for discovering new 5-HT₄ receptor agonists. In this embodiment, 5-HT₄ receptor binding or functional data for a test compound or a group of test compounds is compared to the 5-HT₄ receptor binding or functional data for a compound of the invention to identify test compounds that have superior binding or functional activity, if any. This aspect of the invention includes, as separate embodiments, both the generation of comparison data (using the appropriate assays) and the analysis of the test data to identify test compounds of interest.

Among other properties, compounds of the invention have been found to be potent agonists of the 5-HT₄ receptor and to exhibit substantial selectivity for the 5-HT₄ receptor subtype over the 5-HT₃ receptor subtype in radioligand binding assays. Further, compounds of the invention which have been tested in a rat model have typically demonstrated superior pharmacokinetic properties in a rat model. Compounds of the invention are thus expected to be bioavailable upon oral administration. In addition, these compounds typically have been shown to exhibit an acceptable level of inhibition of the potassium ion current in an in vitro voltage-clamp model using isolated whole cells expressing the hERG cardiac potassium channel. The voltage-clamp assay is an accepted pre-clinical method of assessing the potential for pharmaceutical agents to change the pattern of cardiac repolarization, specifically to cause, so-called QT prolongation, which has been associated with cardiac arrhythmia. (Cavero et al., Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2000, 1, 947-73, Fermini et al., Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2003, 2, 439-447) Accordingly, pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of the invention are expected to have an acceptable cardiac profile.

These properties, as well as the utility of the compounds of the invention, can be demonstrated using various in vitro and in vivo assays well-known to those skilled in the art. Representative assays are described in further detail in the following examples.

EXAMPLES

The following synthetic and biological examples are offered to illustrate the invention, and are not to be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. In the examples below, the following abbreviations have the following meanings unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations not defined below have their generally accepted meanings.

-   -   Boc=tert-butoxycarbonyl     -   (Boc)₂O=di-tert-butyl dicarbonate     -   DCM=dichloromethane     -   DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide     -   DMSO=dimethyl sulfoxide     -   EtOAc=ethyl acetate     -   mCPBA=m-chloroperbenzoic acid     -   MeCN=acetonitrile     -   MTBE=tert-butyl methyl ether     -   PyBOP=benzotriazol-1-yloxytripyrrolidino-phosphonium         hexafluorophosphate     -   R_(f)=retention factor     -   RT=room temperature     -   TFA=trifluoroacetic acid     -   THF=tetrahydrofuran

Reagents and solvents were purchased from commercial suppliers (Aldrich, Fluka, Sigma, etc.), and used without further purification. Reactions were run under nitrogen atmosphere, unless noted otherwise. Progress of reaction mixtures was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC), analytical high performance liquid chromatography (anal. HPLC), and mass spectrometry, the details of which are given below and separately in specific examples of reactions. Reaction mixtures were worked up as described specifically in each reaction; commonly they were purified by extraction and other purification methods such as temperature-, and solvent-dependent crystallization, and precipitation. In addition, reaction mixtures were routinely purified by preparative HPLC: a general protocol is described below. Characterization of reaction products was routinely carried out by mass and ¹H-NMR spectrometry. For NMR measurement, samples were dissolved in deuterated solvent (CD₃OD, CDCl₃, or DMSO-d₆), and ¹H-NMR spectra were acquired with a Varian Gemini 2000 instrument (300 MHz) under standard observation conditions. Mass spectrometric identification of compounds was performed by an electrospray ionization method (ESMS) with a Perkin Elmer instrument (PE SClEX API 150 EX).

General Protocol for Analytical HPLC

Crude compounds were dissolved in 50% MeCN/H₂O (with 0.1% TFA) at 0.5-1.0 mg/mL concentration, and analyzed using the following conditions:

Column: Zorbax Bonus-RP (3.5 μm of particle size, 2.1 × 50 mm) Flow rate: 0.5 mL/min Mobile Phases: 5% MeCN/H₂O containing 0.1% TFA (isocratic; 0-0.5 min); 5% MeCN/H₂O containing 0.1% TFA to 75% MeCN/H₂O containing 0.1% TFA (linear gradient 0.5-4 min); Detector wavelength: 214, 254, and 280 nm. Other conditions, when used, are indicated explicitly. General Protocol for Preparative HPLC Purification

Crude compounds were dissolved in 50% acetic acid in water at 50-100 mg/mL concentration, filtered, and fractionated using the following procedure:

Column: YMC Pack-Pro C18 (50a × 20 mm; ID = 5 μm) Flow rate: 40 mL/min Mobile Phases: A = 90% MeCN/10% H₂O/0.1% TFA B = 98% H₂O/2% MeCN/0.1% TFA Gradient: 10% A/90% B to 50% A/50% B over 30 min (linear) Detector wavelength: 214 nm. Preparation of Secondary Amines

Preparation of various secondary amines used as intermediates in the synthesis of a compound of formula (1) are described below.

Thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide was prepared from thiomorpholine by protection of the secondary amine to N-Boc thiomorpholine ((Boc)₂O, MeOH), oxidation to sulfone (mCPBA, CH₂Cl₂, 0° C.), and deprotection of the N-Boc group to provide the free amine (CF₃CO₂H, CH₂Cl₂). (m/z): [M+H]⁺calcd for C₄H₉NO₂S, 136.04; found, 135.9.

The N-sulfonyl derivatives of piperazine were prepared from N-Boc piperazine by reacting with respective sulfonyl chloride (iPr₂NEt, CH₂Cl₂, 0° C.), and deprotecting the N-Boc group (CF₃CO₂H, CH₂Cl₂). 1-Methanesulfonylpiperazine: ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃; neutral): δ (ppm) 3.1 (t, 4H), 2.9 (t, 4H), 2.7 (s, 3H). 1-(Methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonyl-piperazine: ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD): δ (ppm) 2.90 (s, 3H), 3.02 (m, 4H), 3.38 (m, 4H), 4.61 (s 2H). Methanesulfonylpiperazine was also prepared by reacting methanesulfonyl chloride with excess piperazine (>2 equivalents) in water.

The racemic or single chiral isomer forms of 3-acetylaminopyrrolidine were prepared by treating N¹-Boc-3-aminopyrrolidine (racemate, 3R, or 3S) with acetyl chloride (iPr₂NEt, CH₂Cl₂, 0° C.), and deprotecting the N-Boc group (CF₃CO₂H, CH₂Cl₂). 3-(Acetamido)pyrrolidine: ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆; TFA salt): δ (ppm) 4.2 (quin, 1H), 3.3-3.1 (m, 3H), 2.9 (m, 1H), 2.0 (m, 1H), 1.8 (br s, 4H).

3-((R)-2-Hydroxypropionamido)pyrrolidine was prepared after amidation of N¹-Boc-3-aminopyrrolidine (L-lactic acid, PyBOP, DMF, RT), and deprotection of N-Boc group (CF₃CO₂H, CH₂Cl₂). (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₇H₁₄N₂O₂, 159.11; found, 159.0. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD; TFA salt): δ (ppm) 4.4 (quin, 1H), 4.1 (q, 1H), 3.5-3.4 (m, 2H), 3.3-3.2 (m, 2H), 2.3 (m, 1H), 2.0 (m, 1H), 1.3 (d, 3H).

The N³-alkanesulfonyl derivatives of (3R)-aminopyrrolidine were obtained by treating N¹-Boc-(3R)-aminopyrrolidine with propionylsulfonyl chloride or cyclohexylmethylsulfonyl chloride (i-Pr₂NEt, CH₂Cl₂, 0° C.), and deprotecting N-Boc group (CF₃CO₂H, CH₂Cl₂).

3-(N-Acetyl-N-methylamido)piperidine was prepared from N³-Cbz protected 3-amino-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid t-butyl ester (De Costa, B., et al. J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 4334-43) after four synthetic steps: i) MeI, n-BuLi, THF, −78° C. to rt; ii) H₂ (1 atm), 10% PdlC, EtOH; iii) AcCl, i-Pr₂NEt, CH₂Cl₂; iv) CF₃CO₂H, CH₂Cl₂. m/z: [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₈H₁₆N₂O: 157.13; found, 157.2. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD; TFA salt): δ (ppm) 4.6 (m, 1H), 3.3 (m, 1H), 3.2 (m, 1H), 3.0 (m, 1H), 2.9 (s, 3H), 2.8 (m, 1H), 2.0 (s, 3H), 1.9-1.7 (m, 4H).

3-(N-Acetyl-amido)piperidine was prepared from 3-amino-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester after N-acetylation and deprotection of the N-Boc group: i) AcCl, i-Pr₂NEt, CH₂Cl₂; ii) CF₃CO₂H, CH₂Cl₂. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD; TFA salt): δ (ppm) 3.9 (m, 1H), 3.3 (dd, 1H), 3.2 (m, 1H), 2.9 (dt, 1H), 2.75 (dt, 1H), 2.0-1.9 (m, 2H), 1.9 (s, 3H), 1.8-1.4 (m, 2H).

The N³-alkanesulfonyl derivatives of 3-aminopiperidine were synthesized by reacting the chiral or racemic forms of 3-amino-piperidine-1-carboxylxic acid tert-butyl ester with the respective alkanesulfonyl chloride (i-Pr₂NEt, CH₂Cl₂) and deprotecting the N-Boc group (CF₃CO₂H, CH₂Cl₂). (3S)-3-(ethanesulfonylamido)piperidine: ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD): δ (ppm) 1.29(t, 3H, J₁=7.4 Hz), 1.50-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.98 (m, 2H), 3.05 (q, 2H, J₁=7.4 Hz), 3.27 (m, 2H), 3.40 (d of d(br), 1H), 3.52 (m, 1H). 3S-Methylsulfonylmethanesulfonylamido-piperidine: ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD): δ (ppm) 2.13-2.30 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.57 (m, 2H), 2.98 (m, 2H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 3.30 (br d, 1H), 3.74 (m, 1H).

3-(Methylamino)-1-acetylpyrrolidine was prepared from 3-(methylamino)-1-benzylpyrrolidine (TCI America) after four steps: i) (Boc)₂O, MeOH, rt; ii) H₂ (1 atm), 10% Pd/C, EtOH; iii) AcCl, i-Pr₂NEt, CH₂Cl₂; iv) CF₃CO₂H, CH₂Cl₂. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₇H₁₄N₂O: 143.12; found, 143.0.

3-(Methylamino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)pyrrolidine was prepared from 3-(methylamino)-1-benzylpyrrolidine after four steps: i) (Boc)₂O, MeOH, rt; ii) H₂ (1 atm), 10% Pd/C, EtOH; iii) CH₃SO₂Cl, i-Pr₂NEt, CH₂Cl₂; iv) CF₃CO₂H, CH₂Cl₂. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₆H₁₄N₂O₂S: 179.08; found, 179.2. 3R-Methylamino-1-(methanesulfonyl)pyrrolidine was prepared in a similar manner from (3R)-(methylamino)-1-benzylpyrrolidine.

Derivatives of tetrahydro-3-thiophenamine-1,1-dioxide were prepared following the protocol of Loev, B. J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 4394-9 by reacting 3-sulfolene with a requisite primary amine in methanol (cat. KOH, rt). N-Methyl-3-tetrahydrothiopheneamine-1,1-dioxide (TFA salt): ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ (ppm) 9.4 (br s, 2H), 4.0-3.8 (quin, 1H), 3.6-3.5 (dd, 1H), 3.4-3.3 (m, 1H), 3.2-3.1 (m, 2H), 2.5 (s, 3H), 2.4 (m, 1H), 2.1 (m, 1H). N-2-(1-hydroxy)ethyl-3-tetrahydrothiopheneamine-1,1-dioxide: (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₆H₁₃NO₃S: 180.07; found, 180.2.

(S)-1,1-Dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamine was prepared as follows: 1) N-Boc protection of (S)-3-tetrahydrothiophenamine (Dehmlow, E. V.; Westerheide, R. Synthesis 1992, 10, 947-9) by treating with (Boc)₂O in methanol at room temperature for about 12 h; 2) oxidation by treating with mCPBA in dichloromethane to N-Boc protected (S)-1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamine at 0° C. for about 5 h; and 3) N-Boc deprotection of the sulfone derivative with TFA in dichloromethane at room temperature for 1 h to the free amine which was isolated as a TFA salt. (R)-1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamine was prepared using the same method, but replacing the (S)-3-tetra-hydrothiophenamine with (R)-3-tetrahydrothiophenamine.

N-Methyl-tetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-amine-1,1-dioxide was prepared from tetrahydro-4H-thiopyran-4-one: i) MeNH₂, NaBH₄; ii) (Boc)₂O, MeOH; iii) mCPBA, CH₂Cl₂, 0° C.; iv) CF₃CO₂H, CH₂Cl₂. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₆H₁₃NO₂S 164.07; found, 164.9. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD; TFA salt): δ (ppm) 3.4-3.1 (m, 5H), 2.7 (s, 3H), 2.4 (br d, 2H), 2.1 (br m, 2H).

1-Acetyl-3-(methylamino)piperidine was prepared from N³-Cbz protected 3-methylamino-piperidine: i) AcCl, i-Pr₂NEt, CH₂Cl₂; ii) H₂ (1 atm), 10% Pd/C, EtOH. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD): δ (ppm) 4.0 (m, 1H), 3.6 (m, 1H), 3.4-3.2 (m, 2H), 3.0 (m, 1H), 2.6 (s, 3H), 2.1 (s, 3H), 1.8-1.6 (m, 4H).

1-(Methanesulfonyl)-3-(methylamino)piperidine was prepared from N³-Cbz protected 3-methylamino-piperidine: i) CH₃SO₂Cl, i-Pr₂NEt, CH₂Cl₂; ii) H₂ (1 atm), 10% Pd/C, EtOH. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₇H₁₆N₂O₂S 193.10; found, 193.0. ¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆; TFA salt): δ (ppm) 3.4 (dd, 1H), 3.2 (m, 2H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 3.0-2.9 (m, 2H), 2.8 (s, 3H), 1.85-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.6-1.4 (m, 2H).

Proline dimethylamide, and iminodiacetonitrile were purchased from Bachem, and Aldrich, respectively.

The N-derivatives of piperazine such as 1-(methoxycarbonyl)piperazine, 1-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)piperazine, and 1-(dimethylaminosulfonyl)piperazine were prepared by reacting piperazine with methylchloroformate, dimethylaminochoroformate, or dimethylaminosulfamoyl chloride, respectively.

1-Methylamino-2-methylsulfonylethane was obtained by reacting methylamine with methyl vinyl sulfone in methanol. N-[2-(2-methoxyethylamino)ethyl], N-methyl-methanesulfonamide was synthesized starting from partially N-Boc protected ethanediamine after four steps of reactions in a sequence as follows: i) methylsulfonyl chloride, triethylamine; ii) MeI, Cs₂CO₃; iii) NaH, 1-bromo-2-methoxyethane; iv) CF₃CO₂H.

Isonipecotamide (piperidine-4-carboxamide), and proline amide were purchased from Aldrich. 2-Hydroxymethylmorpholine was available from Tyger Scientific Product.

Methyl 4-piperidinylcarbamate was prepared from the reaction of N₁-Boc protected 4-aminopiperidine with methylchloroformate followed by the deprotection of the N-Boc group.

4-Piperidinol-dimethylcarbamate, and N-dimethyl-N′-(3-piperidinyl)urea were prepared by reacting dimethylcarbamoyl chloride with N-Boc protected 4-piperidinol or N₁-Boc-3-aminopiperidine, respectively.

3-(Methylamino)-1-(dimethylaminosulfonyl)pyrrolidine was obtained by reacting 3-(N-methyl-N-Boc-amino)pyrrolidine with dimethylsulfamoyl chloride.

2-(3-Pyrrolidinyl)isothiazolidine-1,1-dioxide was synthesized by treating N₁-Boc protected 3-aminopyrrolidine with 3-chloropropylsulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine, and followed by TFA treatment for the deprotection of the Boc group.

Example 1 Synthesis of (1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)carbamic acid methyl ester

a. Preparation of 8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one

Concentrated hydrochloric acid (30 mL) was added to a heterogeneous solution of 2,5-dimethoxy tetrahydrofuran (82.2 g, 0.622 mol) in water (170 mL) while stirring. In a separate flask cooled to 0° C. (ice bath), concentrated hydrochloric acid (92 mL) was added slowly to a solution of benzyl amine (100 g, 0.933 mol) in water (350 mL). The 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran solution was stirred for approximately 20 min, diluted with water (250 mL), and then the benzyl amine solution was added, followed by the addition of a solution of 1,3-acetonedicarboxylic acid (100 g, 0.684 mol) in water (400 mL) and then the addition of sodium hydrogen phosphate (44 g, 0.31 mol) in water (200 mL). The pH was adjusted from pH 1 to pH ˜4.5 using 40% NaOH. The resulting cloudy and pale yellow solution was stirred overnight. The solution was then acidified to pH 3 from pH 7.5 using 50% hydrochloric acid, heated to 85° C. and stirred for 2 hours. The solution was cooled to room temperature, basified to pH 12 using 40% NaOH, and extracted with dichloromethane (3×500 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to produce the crude title intermediate as a viscous brown oil (52 g).

To a solution of the crude intermediate in methanol (1000 mL) was added di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (74.6 g, 0.342 mol) at 0° C. The solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The methanol was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting oil was dissolved in dichloromethane (1000 mL). The intermediate was extracted into 1 M H₃PO₄ (1000 mL) and washed with dichloromethane (3×250 mL). The aqueous layer was basified to pH 12 using aqueous NaOH, and extracted with dichloromethane (3×500 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to produce the title intermediate as a viscous, light brown oil. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ (ppm) 7.5-7.2 (m, 5H, C₆H₅), 3.7 (s, 2H, CH₂Ph), 3.45 (broad s, 2H, CH-NBn), 2.7-2.6 (dd, 2H, CH₂CO), 2.2-2.1 (dd, 2H, CH₂CO), 2.1-2.0 (m, 2H, CH₂CH₂), 1.6 (m, 2H, CH₂CH₂). (m/z): [M+H]⁺ C₁₄H₁₇NO 216.14; found, 216.0.

b. Preparation of 3-oxo-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of 8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (75 g, 0.348 mol) in EtOAc (300 mL) was added a solution of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (83.6 g, 0.383 mol, 1.1 eq) in EtOAc (300 mL). The resulting solution and rinse (100 mL EtOAc) was added to a 1 L Parr hydrogenation vessel containing 23 g of palladium hydroxide (20 wt. % Pd, dry basis, on carbon, ˜50% wet with water; e.g. Pearlman's catalyst) under a stream of nitrogen. The reaction vessel was degassed (alternating vacuum and N₂ five times) and pressurized to 60 psi of H₂ gas. The reaction solution was agitated for two days and recharged with H₂ as needed to keep the H₂ pressure at 60 psi until the reaction was complete as monitored by silica thin layer chromatography. The solution was then filtered through a pad of Celite® and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title intermediate quantitatively as a viscous, yellow to orange oil (51 g). It was used in the next step without further treatment. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ(ppm) 4.5 (broad, 2H, CH—NBoc), 2.7 (broad, 2H, CH₂CO), 2.4-2.3 (dd, 2H, CH₂CH₂), 2.1 (broad m, 2H, CH₂CO), 1.7-1.6 (dd, 2H, CH₂CH₂), 1.5 (s, 9H, (CH₃)₃COCON)).

c. Preparation of (1S,3R,5R)-3-amino-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of the product of the previous step (75.4 g, 0.335 mol) in methanol (1 L) was added ammonium formate (422.5 g, 6.7 mol), water (115 mL) and 65 g of palladium on activated carbon (10% on dry basis, ˜50% wet with water; Degussa-type E101NE/W) under a stream of N₂ while stirring via mechanical stirrer. After 24 and 48 hours, additional portions of ammonium formate (132g, 2.1 mol) were added each time. Once reaction progression ceased, as monitored by anal. HPLC, Celite® (>500 g) was added and the resulting thick suspension was filtered and then the collected solid was rinsed with methanol (˜500 mL). The filtrates were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure until all methanol had been removed. The resulting cloudy, biphasic solution was then diluted with 1M phosphoric acid to a final volume of ˜1.5 to 2.0 L at pH 2 and washed with dichloromethane (3×700 mL). The aqueous layer was basified to pH 12 using 40% aq. NaOH, and extracted with dichloromethane (3×700 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated by rotary evaporation, then high-vacuum leaving 52 g (70%) of the title intermediate, commonly N-Boc-endo-3-aminotropane, as a white to pale yellow solid. The isomer ratio of endo to exo amine of the product was >99:1 based on ¹H-NMR analysis (>96% purity by analytical HPLC). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ (ppm) 4.2-4.0 (broad d, 2H, CHNBoc), 3.25 (t, 1H, CHNH₂), 2.1-2.05 (m, 4H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 1.4 (s, 9H, (CH₃)₃OCON), 1.2-1.1 (broad, 2H). (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₁₂H₂₂N₂O₂) 227.18; found, 227.2. Analytical HPLC (isocratic method; 2:98 (A:B) to 90:10 (A:B) over 5 min): retention time=3.68 min.

d. Preparation of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid

Acetone (228.2 mL, 3.11 mol) was added to a stirred suspension of 2-aminophenylmethanol (255.2 g, 2.07 mol) and acetic acid (3.56 mL, 62 mmol) in water (2 L) at room temperature. After 4 h, the suspension was cooled to 0° C. and stirred for an additional 2.5 h and then filtered. The solid was collected and washed with water and the wet solid cooled and dried by lyophilisation to yield 2,2,-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,3]oxazine (332.2 g, 98%) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃: 300 MHz): 1.48 (s, 6H, C(CH ₃)₂), 4.00 (bs, 1H, NH), 4.86 (s, 2H, CH ₂), 6.66 (d, 1H, ArH), 6.81 (t, 1H, ArH), 6.96 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.10 (t, 1H, ArH).

A solution of 2,2,-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[1,3]oxazine (125 g, 0.77 mol) in THF (1 L) was filtered through a scintillation funnel and then added dropwise via an addition funnel, over a period of 2.5 h, to a stirred solution of 1.0 M LiAlH₄ in THF (800 mL) at 0° C. The reaction was quenched by slow portionwise addition of Na₂SO₄.10H₂O (110 g), over a period of 1.5 h, at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight, filtered and the solid salts were washed thoroughly with THF. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 2-isopropylaminophenylnethanol (120 g, 95%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃; 300 MHz): 1.24 (d, 6H, CH(CH ₃)₂), 3.15 (bs, 1H, OH), 3.61 (sept, 1H, CH(CH₃)₂), 4.57 (s, 2H, CH ₂), 6.59 (t, 1H, ArH), 6.65 (d, 1H, ArH), 6.99 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.15 (t, 1H, ArH).

Manganese dioxide (85% 182.6 g, 1.79 mol) was added to a stirred solution of 2-isopropylaminophenylmethanol (118 g, 0.71 mol) in toluene (800 mL) and the reaction mixture was heated to 117° C. for 4 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature overnight and then filtered through a pad of Celite which was eluted with toluene. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield 2-isopropylaminobenzaldehyde (105 g, 90%) as an orange oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃; 300 MHz): 1.28 (d, 6H, CH(CH ₃)₂), 3.76 (sept, 1H, CH(CH₃)₂), 6.65 (t, 1H, ArH), 6.69 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.37 (d, 1H, ArH), 7.44 (t, 1H, ArH), 9.79 (s, 1H, CHO).

2,2-Dimethyl-[1,3]dioxane-4,6-dione, commonly Meldrum's acid, (166.9 g, 1.16 mol) was added to a stirred solution of 2-isopropylaminobenzaldehyde (105 g, 0.64 mol), acetic acid (73.6 mL, 1.29 mol) and ethylenediamine (43.0 mL, 0.64 mol) in methanol (1 L) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at 0° C. and then at room temperature overnight. The resulting suspension was filtered and the solid washed with methanol and collected to yield the title intermediate, 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (146 g, 98%) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃; 300 MHz): 1.72 (d, 6H, CH(CH ₃)₂), 5.50 (bs, 1H, CH(CH₃)₂), 7.44 (t, 1H, ArH), 7.75-7.77 (m, 2H, ArH), 7.82 (d, 1H, ArH), 8.89 (s, H, CH).

e. Preparation of (1S,3R,5R)-3-[1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

Thionyl chloride (36.6 mL, 0.52 mol) was added to a stirred suspension of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (80 g, 0.35 mol) in toluene (600 mL) at 85° C. and the reaction mixture then heated to 95° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then added over 25 min to a vigorously stirred biphasic solution of (1S,3R,5R)-3-amino-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (78.2 g, 0.35 mol) and sodium hydroxide (69.2 g, 1.73 mol) in toluene/water (1:1) (1L) at ° C. After 1 h, the layers were allowed to separate and the organic phase concentrated under reduced pressure. The aqueous phase was washed with EtOAc (1 L) and then (500 mL) and the combined organic extracts used to dissolve the concentrated organic residue. This solution was washed with 1M H₃PO₄ (500 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (500 mL) and brine (500 mL), dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the title intermediate (127.9 g, approx. 84%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.67 (d, 6H), 1.78-1.84 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.18 (m, 6H), 4.20-4.39 (m, 3H), 5.65 (bs, 1H), 7.26 (dd. 1H), 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.75 (dd, 1H), 8.83 (s, 1H), 10.63 (d, 1H).

f. Preparation of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide

TFA (300 mL) was added to a stirred solution of the product of the previous step (127.9 g) in CH₂Cl₂ (600 mL) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 1 h and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The oily brown residue was then poured into a vigorously stirred solution of ether (3 L) and a solid precipitate formed immediately. The suspension was stirred overnight and then the solid collected by filtration and washed with ether to yield the title intermediate as its trifluoroacetic acid salt (131.7 g, 86% over two steps) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 1.68 (d, 6H), 2.10 (d, 2H), 2.33-2.39 (m, 4H), 2.44-2.61 (m, 2H), 4.08 (ds, 2H), 4.41 (m, 1H), 5.57 (bs, 1H), 7.31 (m. 1H), 7.66 (m, 2H), 7.77 (d, 1H), 8.83 (s, 1H), 9.38 (bd, 2H), 10.78 (d, 1H).

g. Preparation of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R, 5R)-8-[(2,2-dimethoxy)ethyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide

N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (4.3 mL) and dimethoxyacetaldehyde in tert-butyl methyl ether (conc 45%; 4.5 mL, 17 mmol) were added to a solution of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R, 5R)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide mono trifluoroacetic acid salt (5.44 g; 12 mmol) dissolved in 50 mL of dichloromethane. After stirring 35 minutes at ambient temperature, sodium triacetoxyborohydride (3.7 g; 17.3 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture. After 90 minutes, water (50 mL) and saturated NaHCO₃ solution (100 mL) was slowly added to the reaction mixture in an ice bath to quench the reaction. The mixture was diluted with 500 mL of dichloromethane, and transferred to a separatory funnel. The organic layer was collected, and washed with saturated NaHCO₃ (250 mL), and brine solution (350 mL). It was dried over MgSO₄, and evaporated in vacuo, to yield the title intermediate. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₄H₃₃N₃O₄ 428.25; found, 428.4.

h. Preparation of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R, 5R)-8-[(2,2-dihydroxy)ethyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide

1-Isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R, 5R)-8-[(2,2-dimethoxy)ethyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide (5.5 g) was suspended in 50 mL of 6M hydrochloric acid, then heated at 70° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., and diluted with dichloromethane (100 mL) prior to basification of the aqueous layer by slow addition of 6M NaOH (80 mL). It was further mixed with 80 mL of dichloromethane, and transferred to a separatory funnel. The organic layer was collected, washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, and evaporated to dryness to yield the title intermediate as an aldehyde hydrate. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₂H₂₉N₃O₄ 400.22; found, 400.5.

i. Preparation of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R, 5R)-{8-[2-(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamino)ethyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}-amide

1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamine trifluoroacetic acid salt (500 mg; 2 mmol), N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (0.35 mL), and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (422 mg; 2 mmol) was added to a vial containing 10 mL of dichloromethane. The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes prior to the addition of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R, 5R)-8-[(2,2-dihydroxy)ethyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide (0.427 g). The final mixture was stirred for 1 h, at which time the reaction was judged to be complete based on HPLC and mass spectrometric analysis. Water (20 mL) was slowly added to quench the remaining reducing agent. The mixture was diluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane, and shaken in a funnel before collecting the organic layer. The organic layer was washed with 1M NaOH (40 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over MgSO₄, and evaporated to yield the title intermediate as a colorless solid. This crude product was used in the next step without further treatment.

j. Synthesis of (1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester

N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (0.07 mL, 0.4 mmol) and methyl chloroformate (0.02 mL, 0.26 mmol) was added to a solution of DMF (1 mL) containing the product of the previous step, 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R, 5R)-{8-[2-(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamino)ethyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}-amide (65 mg, 0.13 mmol). The reaction mixture was shaken at room temperature for 30 minutes, and concentrated in vacuo, yielding an oily residue. The residue was dissolved in 50% aqueous acetic acid (1 mL), and purified by preparative HPLC, to yield the title compound. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₆S 559.25; found, 559.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.56 min.

Example 2 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)methanesulfonylamino]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide

Following the procedure described in Example 1, step (j), the title compound was prepared by replacing methyl chloroformate, N,N′-diisopropylethylamine, and DMF with methylsulfonyl chloride, DBU, and dichloromethane, respectively. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₇H₃₈N₄O₆S₂ 579.22; found. 579.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.62 min.

Example 3 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[1-(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-3,3-dimethylureido]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide

Following the procedure described in Example 1, step (j), the title compound was prepared by replacing methyl chloroformate with N,N′-dimethylcarbamoyl chloride. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₅S 572.28; found, 572.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.55 min.

Example 4 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[1-(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-3-methylureido]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide

Following the procedure described in Example 1, step (j), the title compound was prepared by replacing methyl chloroformate with methyl isocyanate. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₈H₃₉N₅O₅S 558.27; found 558.2 [M+H]+. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.69 min.

Example 5 Synthesis of (1,1-dioxohexahydro-1λ⁶-thiopyran-4-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester

Following the procedure described in Example 1, the title compound was prepared by replacing 1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamine trifluoroacetic acid salt in Example 1, step (i), with 1,1-dioxohexahydro-1λ⁶-thiopyran-4-ylamine. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₉H₄₀N₄O₆S 573.27; found, 573.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.70 min.

Example 6 Synthesis of ((R)-1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}-ethyl)carbamic acid methyl ester

a. Preparation of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {8-(1S,3R,5R)-[2-((R)-1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamino)ethyl]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide

(R)-1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamine trifluoroacetic acid salt (278 mg; 1.1 mmol), and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (254 mg; 1.2 mmol) was added to a vial containing 4 mL of dichloromethane. The mixture was stirred for 5 min prior to the addition of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R, 5R)-8-[(2,2-dihydroxy)ethyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide (0.420 g; 1.1 mmol), the product of Example 1, step (h). The mixture was stirred for 1 h, at which time the reaction was judged to be complete based on HPLC and mass spectrometric analysis. Water (10 mL) was slowly added to quench the remaining reducing agent. The mixture was diluted with 50 mL of dichloromethane, and shaken in a funnel before collecting the organic layer. It was washed with 1M NaOH (20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over MgSO₄, and evaporated to yield the title intermediate as a colorless solid. This crude product was used in the next step without further purification. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₆H₃₆N₄O₄S calcd. 501.25; found, 501.6.

b. Synthesis of ((R)-1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}-ethyl)carbamic acid methyl ester

N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (0.38 mL, 2.2 mmol) and methyl chloroformate (0.11 mL, 1.4 mmol) was added to a solution of DMF (1 mL) containing 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {8-(1S,3R,5R)-[2-((R)-1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamino)ethyl]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide (365 mg, 0.73 mmol) prepared in step (a) above. The reaction mixture was shaken at room temperature for about 30 minutes, then concentrated in vacuo, yielding an oily residue. The residue was dissolved in 50% aqueous acetic acid (1 mL), and purified by preparative HPLC, to yield the title compound. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₆S 559.27; found, 559.4. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.56 min.

Example 7 Synthesis of ((S)-1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}-ethyl)carbamic acid methyl ester

The title compound, an (S)-enantiomer of the compound of Example 6, was prepared using the process described in Example 6, by replacing in Example 6, step (a), (R)-1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamine with (S)-1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamine. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₆S 559.27; found, 559.4. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.56 min.

Example 8 Synthesis of (1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester

a. Preparation of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [8-(1S,3R,5R)-(3-aminopropyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide

N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (15.7 mL, 90 mmol), and N-Boc-3-bromo-propanamine (14.2 g, 60 mmol) was added to a solution of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide mono trifluoroacetic acid salt (13.6 g; 30 mmol) (the product of Example 1, step (f)) dissolved in 120 mL of methanol. The mixture was refluxed for 16 h, followed by the addition of a second portion of N-Boc-3-bromopropanamine (7 g, 30 mmol). The mixture was refluxed for an additional 16 h, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by flash column chromatography (eluant, 10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂). The product was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 mL), then trifluoroacetic acid (50 mL) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, the solution was concentrated in vacuo, and the resulting residue was suspended in ether (200 mL). The solidified residue was collected by filtration, to yield the title intermediate as a TFA salt, which was converted to a netural form by dissolving the salt in dichloromethane, then washing with aqueous NaOH solution.

b. Preparation of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid{8-(1S,3R,5R)-[3-(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamino)propyl]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide

Potasium hydroxide (3 mg) dissolved in water (0.1 mL) and 2,5-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide (0.236 g, 2 mmol) was added to a solution of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [8-(1S,3R,5R)-(3-aminopropyl)-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide (free base; 0.16 g, 0.4 mmol) in DMF (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at 75° C. for 16 h under nitrogen atmosphere. Evaporation in vacuo yielded the title intermediate, which was used in the next step without further purification.

c. Synthesis of (1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ¹-thiophen-3-yl)-(3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isoproyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}proyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester

N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (0.28 mL, 1.6 mmol) and methyl chloroformate (75 mg, 0.8 mmol) was added to a solution of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {8-(1S,3R,5R)-[3-(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-ylamino)propyl]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}-amide (0.206 g, 0.4 mmol) dissolved in DMF (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 30 minutes, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in 50% aqueous acetic acid (1 mL), and purified by preparative HPLC to yield the title compound. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₉H₄₀N₄O₆S 573.27; found, 573.6.

Example 9 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[2-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanesulfonyl]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-amide

a. Preparation of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(2-ethenesulfonylethyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide

Vinylsulfone (1.1 g, 9.32 mmol) was added dropwise to a stirred solution of dichloromethane (25 mL) containing 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R, 5R)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide (1.58 g, 4.64 mmol), the product of Example 1, step (f). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then concentrated in vacuo, to yield the title intermediate as an oily residue which was used in the next step without further purification.

b. Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[2-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanesulfonyl]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide

1-methylsulfonylpiperazine (656 mg, 0.4 mmol) was added to a solution of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(2-ethenesulfonyl-ethyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]-amide (45 mg, 0.1 mmol) in 1 mL of dichloromethane. The reaction mixture was shaken at room temperature overnight, and concentrated in vacuo, yielding an oily residue. The residue was dissolved in 50% aqueous acetic acid (1 mL), then purified by preparative HPLC, to yield the title compound. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₉H₄₃N₅O₆S₂ 622.27; found, 622.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.35 min.

Example 10 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(2-{2-[4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)-piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonyl}ethyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 9 by replacing, in Example 9,Step (b), 1-methylsulfonylpiperazine with piperazin-1-yl-(tetra-hydrofuran-2-yl)methanone. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₃H₄₇N₅O₆S 642.32; found, 642.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.30 min.

Example 11 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[2-(4-ethanesulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)-ethanesulfonyl]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-amide

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 9 by replacing in Example 9,Step (b) 1-methylsulfonylpiperazine with 1-ethylsulfonyl-piperazine. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₀H₄₅N₅O₆S₂ 636.28; found, 636.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.41 min.

Example 12 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(4-acetylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide

a. Preparation of 1-{4-(3-chloropropane-1-sulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl}ethanone

N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (0.10 mL, 6 mmol) and then 3-chloropropyl-1-sulfonyl chloride (53.1 mg, 0.3 mmol) were added to a 5 mL glass vial containing N-acetylpiperazine (38 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (1 mL). The reaction mixture was shaken at room temperature for about 0.5 h, then evaporated in vacuo, to yield the title intermediate as an oily residue which was used without further treatment.

b. Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid f(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(4-acetylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide

Sodium iodide (14 mg), N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (0.05 mL, 0.3 mmol), and 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R, 5R)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide (45.3 mg, 0.1 mmol) were added to the product of the previous step dissolved in DMF (1 mL). The mixture was shaken at 85° C. for 24 h, then concentrated in vacuo. The concentrated residue was dissolved in 50% aqueous acetic acid (1 mL), then purified by preparative HPLC to yield the title compound. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₅S 572.28; found 572.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=1.66 min.

Example 13 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{3-[4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperazine-1-sulfonyl]propyl}-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 12 by replacing in Example 12,Step (a), N-acetylpiperazine with piperazin-1-yl-(tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-methanone. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₂H₄₅N₅O₆S 628.31; found, 628.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=1.69 min.

Example 14 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(4-methanesulfonyl-piperazine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 12 by replacing in Example 12,Step (a), N-acetylpiperazine with 1-methylsulfonylpiperazine. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₈H₄₁N₅O₆S₂ 607.25; found, 608.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=1.61 min.

Example 15 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(3-{([1-(2-cyanoethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methylsulfamoyl}propyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 12 by replacing in Example 12,Step (a), N-acetylpiperazine with 3-(4-methylaminopiperidin-1-yl)propanenitrile. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₄S 611.33; found, 611.20. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.32 min.

Example 16 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{3-[(1-methanesulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)-methylsulfamoyl]-propyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 12 by replacing in Example 12,Step (a), N-acetylpiperazine with (1-methanesulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)methylamine. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₀H₄₅N₅O₆S₂ 636.28; found, 636.20. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.57 min.

Example 17 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(4-methylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 12 by replacing in Example 12,Step (a), N-acetylpiperazine with 1-methylpiperazine. (m/z): [M+H]⁺calcd for C₂₈H₄₁N₅O₄S 544.29; found, 544.3. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.21 min.

Example 18 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{3-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-sulfonyl]propyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 12 by replacing in Example 12,Step (a), N-acetylpiperazine with 2-piperazin-1-ylethanol. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₉H₄₃N₅O₅S 574.30; found, 574.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=1.19 min.

Example 19 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(3-dimethylaminopyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 12 by replacing in Example 12,Step (a), N-acetylpiperazine with dimethylpyrrolidin-3-ylamine. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₉H₄₃N₅O₄S 558.30; found, 558.3. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.20 min.

Example 20 Synthesis of 4-acetylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl ester

a. Preparation of 4-acetylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid 3-chloropropyl ester

N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (0.10 mL, 6 mmol), followed by 3-chloropropane chloroformate (47.1 mg, 0.3 mmol) was added to a 5 mL glass vial containing 1-piperazin-1-yl-ethanone (38 mg, 0.3 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (1 mL). The reaction mixture was shaken at room temperature for about 0.5 h, then evaporated in vacuo to yield the title intermediate as an oily residue which was used without further treatment.

b. Synthesis of 4-acetylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{1(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl ester

Sodium iodide (14 mg), followed by N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (0.05 mL, 0.3 mmol), and 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R, 5R)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide (45.3 mg, 0.1 mmol) were added to the product of the previous step dissolved in DMF (1 mL). The mixture was shaken at 85° C. for 24 h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in 50% aqueous acetic acid (1 mL), then purified by preparative HPLCto yield the title compound. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₀H₄₁N₅O₅ 552.31; found, 552.4. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=1.56 min.

Example 21 Synthesis of 4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl ester

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 20 by replacing, in Example 20,Step (a), 1-piperazin-1-ylethanonewith piperazin-1-yl-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-methanone. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₃H₄₅N₅O₆ 607.34; found, 608.4. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=1.7 min.

Example 22 Synthesis of 4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl ester

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 20 by replacing in Example 20,Step (a), 1-piperazin-1-yl-ethanone with 1-methylsulfonyl-piperazine. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₆S 588.28; found, 588.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=1.74 min.

Example 23 Synthesis of 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl ester

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 20 by replacing in Example 20,Step (a), 1-piperazin-1-yl-ethanone with 4-hydroxy-piperidine. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₈H₃₉N₅O₆ 526.30; found, 525.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.64 min.

Example 24 Synthesis of [2-(4-acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester

a. Preparation of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[2-(2,2-dimethoxyethylamino)ethyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide

2,2-Dimethoxy-1-ethylamine (4.2 mL, 39 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (4.53 mL, 26 mmol) were added to a solution of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S, 3R,5R)-8-[(2,2-dihydroxy)ethyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide hydrochloride salt (5.43 g, 13.0 mmol) in 30 mL of dichloromethane. After the mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 45 minutes, sodium triacetoxy-borohydride (3.86 g; 18.2 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for about 4 h, then the remaining reducing agent was quenched by adding water (20 mL) slowly to the reaction mixture in an ice bath. The mixture was diluted with 200 mL of dichloromethane, and shaken in a funnel before collecting the organic layer. The organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL) and a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over MgSO₄, and evaporated to yield the title intermediate which was used in the next step without further treatment. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₆H₃₈N₄O₄ 471.29; found, 472.0.

b. Preparation of (2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester

Methyl chloroformate (0.275 mL, 3.58 mmol) and N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (0.62 mL, 3.58 mmol) were added to a cold solution of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[2-(2,2-dimethoxyethylamino)ethyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide (1.53 g, 3.25 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (25 mL) in an ice bath. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h, then stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (200 mL), and washed with brine and a saturated sodium carbonate solution. After drying over MgSO₄, the organic solution was evaporated in vacuo, to yield an oily residue that was dissolved in 50% aqueous acetonitrile, then purified by preparative HPLC to yield the title intermediate. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₂₈H₄₀N₄O₆ 529.29; found, 529.3.

c. Preparation of (2,2-dihydroxy-ethyl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carbonyl)-amino]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}-ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester

A solution of (2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester (236 mg, 0.367 mmol) in 6M HCl (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. It was lyophilized to yield the title intermediate as a hydrochloride salt.

d. Synthesis of [2-(4-acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester

1-Piperazin-1-ylethanone (25.6 mg, 0.2 mmol), N,N′-diisopropyl-ethylamine (0.07 mL, 0.4 mmol), and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (29.7 mg, 0.14 mmol) were added to a solution of (2,2-dihydroxyethyl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)carbamic acid methyl ester (52 mg, 0.1 mmol) in 2 mL of dichloromethane. The mixture was shaken at room temperature for 2 h, then concentrated in vacuo, yielding an oily residue. The residue was dissolved in 50% aqueous acetic acid (1 mL), purified by preparative HPLC, to yield the title compound. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₅ 595.35; found, 595.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.02 min

Example 25 Synthesis of (2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carbonyl)-amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-[2-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ylethyl]-carbamic acid methyl ester

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 24 by replacing in Example 24,Step (d), 1-piperazin-1-ylethanone with 1-methylsulfonyl-piperazine. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₆S 631.32; found, 631.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.11 min.

Example 26 Synthesis of [2-(4-dimethylcarbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)-ethyl]-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}-ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 24 by replacing in Example 24,Step (d), 1-piperazin-1-ylethanone with piperazine-1-carboxylic acid dimethylamide. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₃H₄₉N₇O₅S 624.38; found, 624.3. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.07 min.

Example 27 Synthesis of [2-(1,1-dioxo-1λ⁶-thiomorpholin-4-yl)-ethyl]-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 24 by replacing in Example 24,Step (d), 1-piperazin-1-ylethanone with thiomorpholine-1,1-dioxide. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₀H₄₃N₅O₆S 602.29; found, 602.2. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.16 min.

Example 28 Synthesis of 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(2-{[2-(4-dimethylcarbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)-ethyl]methanesulfonylamino}ethyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide

The title compound was prepared using the method described in Example 24 substituting the appropriate reagents. In Example 24,Step (b), methyl chloroformate was replaced with methylsulfonyl chloride. In Example 24,Step (d), 1-piperazin-1-ylethanone was replaced with piperazine-1-carboxylic acid dimethylamide to yield the title compound. (m/z): [M+H]⁺ calcd for C₃₂H₄₉N₇O₅S 644.35; found, 644.4. Retention time (anal. HPLC: 10-40% MeCN/H₂O over 6 min)=2.77 min.

Using the methods described in Examples 1-28, and substituting the appropriate reagents, the following compounds listed in Tables 1-5 were prepared. In all of the compounds of the invention, the quinolinone-carboxamide is endo to the azabicyclooctanyl group.

TABLE 1 (I-c)

Calc'd Obsd No. a b X Q W Mol. Formula [M + H] [M + H] 1 1 2 N S(O)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₂₈H₄₁N₅O₆S₂ 608.25 608.2 2 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) NC(O)OCH₂CH₃ C₃₀H₄₃N₅O₆S 602.31 602.2 3 1 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NCH₃ C₃₀H₄₅N₅O₄S 572.34 572.3 4 1 2 N S(O)₂ N(CH₂)₂OH C₂₉H₄₃N₅O₅S 574.30 574.2 5 1 2 N S(O)₂ NCH₂-pyridin-4-yl C₃₃H₄₄N₆O₄S 621.33 621.3 6 1 2 N S(O)₂ NCH₂-tetrahydro- C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₅S 614.35 614.3 furan-2-yl 7 1 2 N S(O)₂ NCH₂C(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₅S 615.34 615.3 8 1 2 N S(O)₂ N(CH₂)₃CH₃ C₃₁H₄₇N₅O₄S 586.35 586.3 9 1 2 C S(O)₂NH NH C₂₈H₄₁N₅O₄S 544.30 544.3 10 1 2 N S(O)₂ NCH₃ C₂₈H₄₁N₅O₄S 544.29 544.3 11 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂CH₃ C₃₁H₄₇N₅O₄S 586.33 586.3 12 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂OH C₃₀H₄₅N₅O₅S 588.33 588.3 13 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂OCH₃ C₃₁H₄₇N₅O₅S 602.35 600.3 14 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)_(2-pyrrol-1-yl) C₃₄H₄₈N₆O₄S 637.36 637.3 15 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NCH₂-pyridin-3-yl C₃₄H₄₆N₆O₄S 635.35 635.3 16 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂NHC(O)OCH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₆S 645.35 645.3 17 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S 659.37 659.3 18 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂C(O)NHCH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₅S 643.37 643.3 19 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₃C(O)N(CH₃₎ ₂ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₅S 657.39 657.3 20 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂NHS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₁H₄₈N₆O₆S₂ 665.32 665.3 21 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂N(CH₃)S(O)₂— C₃₂H₅₀N₆O₆S₂ 679.34 679.3 CH₃ 22 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₂N₆O₆S₂ 693.36 693.3 23 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₄₉N₅O₄S 600.37 600.3 24 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₂OH C₃₁H₄₇N₅O₅S 602.35 602.3 25 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₂OCH₃ C₃₂H₄₉N₅O₅S 616.35 616.2 26 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₂-pyrrol-1-yl C₃₅H₅₀N₆O₄S 651.38 651.3 27 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) NCH₂-pyridin-3-yl C₃₅H₄₈N₆O₄S 649.36 649.3 28 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₂OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₆S 673.38 673.3 29 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₂OC(O)NH— C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₅S 657.39 657.3 CH₂CH₃ 30 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₃C(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₅H₅₄N₆O₅S 671.41 671.4 31 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₂NHS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₅₀N₆O₆S₂ 679.32 679.3 32 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₂N(CH₃)S(O)_(2—) C₃₃H₅₂N₆O₆S₂ 693.36 693.3 CH₃ 33 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₃S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₄N₆O₆S₂ 707.37 707.3 34 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₀H₄₅N₅O₆S₂ 636.28 636.2 35 0 2 N S(O)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₂₇H₃₉N₅O₆S₂ 594.25 594.2 36 0 2 N S(O)₂ NC(O)OCH₂CH₃ C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₆S 588.29 588.2 37 0 2 N S(O)₂ O C₂₆H₃₆N₄O₅S 517.26 517.2 38 0 2 N S(O)₂ NCH₂-tetrahydro- C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₅S 600.33 600.3 furan-2-yl 39 0 2 N S(O)₂ NCH₂C(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₀H₄₄N₆O₅S 601.33 601.3 40 0 2 N S(O)₂ NC(O)-tetrahydro- C₃₁H₄₃N₅O₆S 614.31 614.3 furan-2-yl 41 0 2 N S(O)₂ N-pyridin-4-yl C₃₁H₄₀N₆O₄S 593.30 593.2 42 0 2 N S(O)₂ NCH₂-pyridin-4-yl C₃₂H₄₂N₆O₄S 607.31 607.2 43 0 2 N S(O)₂ N(CH₂)₂OH C₂₈H₄₁N₅O₅S 560.30 560.2 44 0 2 N S(O)₂ NCH₃ C₂₇H₃₉N₅O₄S 530.29 530.2 45 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₀H₄₃N₅O₆S 602.31 602.2 46 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NC(O)CH₃ C₃₀H₄₃N₅O₅S 586.31 586.3 47 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NS(O)₂CF3 C₂₉H₄₀F₃N₅O₆S₂ 676.25 676.2 48 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NCH₂CF₃ C₃₀H₄₂F₃N₅O₄S 626.31 626.2 49 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂C(O)NH₂ C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₅S 615.34 615.3 50 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)_(2CF) ₃ C₃₁H₄₄F₃N₅O₄S 640.32 640.2 51 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂CN C₃₁H₄₄N₆O₄S 597.33 597.2 52 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} N(CH₂)₂S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₅₀N₆O₆S₂ 679.34 679.2 53 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NCH₂C(O)NH₂ C₃₀H₄₄N₆O₅S 601.33 601.2 54 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NCH₂C(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅S 629.36 629.3 55 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) NCH₂C(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₅S 643.37 643.2 56 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) NCH₂C(O)NH₂ C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₅S 615.34 615.2 57 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) NCH₂CF₃ C₃₁H₄₄F₃N₅O₄S 640.32 640.2 58 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₂CF₃ C₃₂H₄₆F₃N₅O₄S 654.34 654.2 59 1 3 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₂C(O)NH₂ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅S 629.36 629.2 60 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) N(CH₂)₂CN C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₄S 611.33 611.2 61 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) NC(O)CH₂OCH₃ C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₆S 630.34 630.2 62 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) NCH₂CN C₃₁H₄₄N₆O₄S 597.33 597.2 63 0 1 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} S(O)₂ C₂₇H₃₈N₄O₆S₂ 579.22 579.2 64 0 1 C N{C(O)CH₃} S(O)₂ C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₅S 543.27 543.2 65 0 1 C N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂} S(O)₂ C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₅S 572.28 572.2 66 0 1 C N{C(O)OCH₃} S(O)₂ C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₆S 559.25 559.2 67 0 1 C N{C(O)-pyridin-4-yl} S(O)₂ C₃₂H₃₉N₅O₅S 606.28 606.2 68 0 2 N N{S(O)₂CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₂CF₃ C₃₁H₄₅F₃N₆O₆S₂ 719.30 719.2 69 0 2 N N{S(O)₂CH₃}(CH₂)₂ S(O)₂ C₂₉H₄₃N₅O₆S₂ 622.28 622.2 70 0 2 N N{S(O)₂CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₄₉N₇O₅S 644.35 644.4 71 0 2 N N{S(O)₂CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₁H₄₉N₇O₆S₂ 680.34 680.2 72 0 2 N N{S(O)₂CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)NHCH₃ C₃₁H₄₇N₇O₅S 630.35 630.4 73 0 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₂₈H₄₁N₅O₅S 560.30 560.2 74 0 1 C S(O)₂(CH₂)₂N(CH₃) NC(O)N(CH₃₎ ₂ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅S 629.36 629.2 75 0 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ S(O)₂ C₂₈H₄₀N₄O₆S₂ 593.25 593.2 76 0 1 C S(O)₂(CH₂)₂N(CH₃₎ S(O)₂ C₂₉H₄₂N₄O₆S₂ 607.27 607.2 77 0 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₂₉H₄₃N₅O₆S₂ 622.27 622.2 78 0 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NC(O)-tetrahydro- C₃₃H₄₇N₅O₆S 642.32 642.2 furan-2-yl 79 0 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₂CF₃ C₃₀H₄₂F₃N₅O₆S₂ 690.27 690.2 80 0 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₂CH₃ C₃₀H₄₅N₅O₆S₂ 636.28 636.2 81 0 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH(CH₃)₂ C₃₁H₄₇N₅O₆S₂ 650.31 650.2 82 0 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₀H₄₃N₅O₆S 602.31 602.2 83 0 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₅S 615.34 615.2 84 0 3 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₅S 600.33 600.2 85 0 1 C S(O)₂(CH₂)₂N(CH₃) NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₆S 616.33 616.2 86 0 1 C S(O)₂(CH₂)₂N(CH₃) NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₀H₄₅N₅O₆S₂ 636.30 636.2 87 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} S(O)₂ C₂₈H₄₀N₄O₆S₂ 593.25 593.1 88 0 2 C N{C(O)CH₃} S(O)₂ C₂₉H₄₀N₄O₅S 557.29 557.2 89 0 2 C N{C(O)OCH₃} S(O)₂ C₂₉H₄₀N₄O₆S 573.27 573.2 90 0 2 C N{C(O)-pyridin-4-yl} S(O)₂ C₃₃H₄₁N₅O₅S 620.30 620.2 91 0 1 C N{C(O)H} S(O)₂ C₂₇H₃₆N₄O₅S 529.26 529.2 92 0 1 C N{C(O)NHCH₃} C₂₈H₃₉N₅O₅S 558.27 558.2 93 0 1 C N{C(O)NH₂} C₂₇H₃₇N₅O₅S 544.27 544.2 94 0 2 N N{S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)_(2CH) ₃ C₃₁H₄₉N₇O₆S₂ 680.34 680.2 95 0 2 N N{S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)N(CH₃₎ ₂ C₃₃H₅₂N₈O₅S 673.40 673.2 96 0 2 N N(S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₂H₄₉N₇O₆S 660.36 660.2 97 0 2 N N{S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₂H₄₉N₇O₅S 644.37 644.2 98 0 2 N N{S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₅₂N₈O₆S₂ 709.36 709.2 99 0 2 N N{S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ S(O)₂ C₃₀H₄₆N₆O₆S₂ 651.31 651.2 100 0 2 N N{S(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₆S 631.32 631.2 101 0 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₄₉N₇O₅ 624.38 624.3 102 0 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₆ 611.31 611.2 103 0 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₅ 595.35 595.2 104 0 2 N N{S(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₄₉N₇O₆S 660.36 660.2 105 0 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)-tetrahydro- C₃₅H₅₀N₆O₆ 651.40 651.3 furan-2-yl 106 0 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ S(O)₂ C₃₀H₄₃N₅O₆S 602.29 602.2 107 0 1 C N{C(O)OCH₃}— S(O)₂ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₆S 616.33 616.2 (CH₂)₂N(CH₃₎ 108 0 2 N N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)_(2CH) ₃ C₃₂H₄₉N₇O₅S 644.37 644.2 109 0 2 N N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)N(CH₃₎ ₂ C₃₄H₅₂N₈O₄ 637.43 637.3 110 0 2 N N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₃H₄₉N₇O₅ 624.40 624.3 111 0 2 N N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₄₉N₇O₄ 608.40 608.3 112 0 2 N N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₂N₈O₅S 673.40 673.2 113 0 2 N N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)-tetrahydro- C₃₆H₅₃N₇O₅ 664.43 664.3 furan-2-yl 114 0 1 C N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂}— S(O)₂ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅S 629.36 629.2 (CH₂)₂N(CH₃₎ 115 0 2 C N{C(O)H} S(O)₂ C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₅S 543.27 543.1 116 0 2 C N{C(O)NHCH₃} S(O)₂ C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₅S 572.30 572.2 117 0 2 C N{C(O)NH₂} S(O)₂ C₂₈H₃₉N₅O₅S 558.28 558.1 118 1 1 C N{C(O)OCH₃} S(O)₂ C₂₉H₄₀N₄O₆S 573.27 573.6 119 1 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₆S 645.35 645.4 120 1 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₁N₇O₅ 638.41 638.4 121 1 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₆ 625.38 625.4 122 1 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅ 609.39 609.4 123 1 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₁N₇O₆S 674.38 674.4 124 1 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)-tetrahydro- C₃₆H₅₂N₆O₆ 665.41 665.4 furan-2-yl 125 1 3 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S 659.37 659.4 126 1 3 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₅ 623.40 623.4 127 1 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)NHCH₃ C₃₃H₄₉N₇O₅ 624.40 624.4 128 1 2 N N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ S(O)₂ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₆S 616.33 616.4 129 1 2 C N{C(O)OCH₃}— S(O)₂ C₃₃H₄₉N₅O₆S 644.36 644.4 (CH₂)₂N(CH₃) 130 1 1 C N{C(O)OCH₃}— S(O)₂ C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₆S 630.34 630.4 (CH₂)₂N(CH₃) 131 1 1 C N{C(O)OCH₃}— NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₃N₇O₆S 688.40 688.4 (CH₂)₂N(CH₃) 132 1 1 C N{C(O)OCH₃}— NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₆ 639.40 639.4 (CH₂)₂N(CH₃) 133 1 1 C N{C(O)OCH₃}— NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S 659.37 659.4 (CH₂)₂N(CH₃) 134 1 2 N N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅S 629.36 629.4 135 1 2 N N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₁N₇O₄ 622.42 622.4 136 1 2 N N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅ 609.39 609.4 137 1 2 N N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₄ 593.39 593.4 138 1 2 N N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂N(CH₃₎ ₂ C₃₃H₅₁N₇O₅S 658.38 658.4 139 1 2 N N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)-tetrahydro- C₃₆H₅₂N₆O₅ 649.42 649.4 furan-2-yl 140 1 2 N N{C(O)CH_(3}(CH) ₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₂S(O)_(2—) C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₇S₂ 707.34 707.2 CH₃ 141 1 3 N N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₅S 643.37 643.4 142 1 3 N N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₄ 607.41 607.4 143 1 2 N N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ NC(O)NHCH₃ C₃₃H₄₉N₇O₄ 608.40 608.4 144 1 2 N N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ S(O)₂ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₅S 600.33 600.4 145 1 2 C N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ S(O)₂ C₃₃H₄₉N₅O₅S 628.36 628.4 146 1 1 C N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂— S(O)₂ C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₅S 614.35 614.4 N(CH₃) 147 1 1 C N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂— NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₃N₇O₅S 672.40 672.4 N(CH₃) 148 1 1 C N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂— NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₅ 623.40 623.4 N(CH₃) 149 1 1 C N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂— NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₅S 643.37 643.4 N(CH₃) 150 1 2 N S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₁H₄₈N₆O₆S₂ 665.32 665.2 151 1 2 N S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₁N₇O₅S 658.38 658.3 152 1 2 N S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₆S 645.35 645.3 153 1 2 N S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅S 629.36 629.3 154 1 2 N S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₅₁N₇O₆S₂ 694.35 694.3 155 1 3 N S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₅S 643.37 643.3 156 1 2 N S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)NHCH₃ C₃₂H₄₉N₇O₅S 644.37 644.3 157 1 1 C S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂— NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₃N₇O₆S₂ 708.37 708.3 N(CH₃) 158 1 2 N S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)-tetrahydro- C₃₅H₅₂N₆O₆S 685.37 685.3 furan-2-yl 159 1 2 N S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₂S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₅₀N₆O₈S₃ 743.30 743.2 160 1 3 N S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₅₀N₆O₆S₂ 679.34 679.3 161 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂— S(O)₂ C₃₂H₄₉N₅O₆S₂ 664.33 664.3 N(CH₃) 162 1 1 C S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂— S(O)₂ C₃₁H₄₇N₅O₆S₂ 650.31 650.3 N(CH₃) 163 1 1 C S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂— NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S 659.37 659.3 N(CH₃) 164 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₅S 615.34 615.4 165 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NC(O)NHCH₃ C₃₀H₄₄N₆O₅S 601.33 601.2 166 0 2 C N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂} NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₅ 595.37 595.4 167 0 2 C N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂} NC(O)CH₃ C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₄ 579.37 579.4 168 0 2 C N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂} NC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₄₉N₇O₄ 608.40 608.4 169 0 2 C N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂ NC(O)NHCH₃ C₃₂H₄₇N₇O₄ 594.39 594.4 170 0 2 C N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂} NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₅S 615.34 615.4 171 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NC(O)NH₂ C₂₉H₄₂N₆O₅S 587.31 587.2 172 0 2 C N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂} NC(O)NH₂ C₃₁H₄₅N₇O₄ 580.37 580.2 173 1 2 N S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ S(O)₂ C₃₀H_(4S)N_(S)O₆S₂ 636.30 636.2 174 1 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅ 609.39 609.4 175 1 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₁N₇O₅ 638.41 638.4 176 1 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₆ 625.38 625.4 177 1 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)tetrahydro- C₃₆H₅₂N₆O₆ 665.41 665.4 furan-2-yl 178 1 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₆S 645.35 645.4 179 1 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₁N₇O₆S 674.38 674.4 180 1 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)NHCH₃ C₃₃H₄₉N₇O₅ 624.40 624.4 181 1 3 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₄H_(5O)N₆O₅ 623.40 623.4 182 1 3 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S 659.37 659.4 183 1 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ S(O)₂ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₆S 616.33 616.4 184 1 2 C OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂— S(O)₂ C₃₃H₄₉N₅O₆S 644.36 643.9 N(CH₃) 185 1 1 C OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂— S(O)₂ C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₆S 630.34 630.4 N(CH₃) 186 1 1 C OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂— NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₃N₇O₆S 688.40 688.4 N(CH₃) 187 0 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₅ 595.37 595.4 188 0 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₄₉N₇O₅ 624.40 624.4 189 0 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₆ 611.36 611.4 190 0 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)-tetrahydro- C₃₅H₅₀N₆O₆ 651.40 651.4 furan-2-yl 191 0 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₆S 631.34 631.4 192 0 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₄₉N₇O₆S 660.36 660.4 193 0 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)NHCH₃ C₃₂H₄₇N₇O₅ 610.38 610.4 194 0 3 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅ 609.39 609.4 195 0 3 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₆S 645.35 645.4 196 0 2 N OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ S(O)₂ C₃₀H₄₃N₅O₆S 602.31 602.2 197 0 1 C OC(O)N(CH₃)— S(O)₂ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₆S 616.33 616.2 (CH₂)₂N(CH₃) 198 0 1 C OC(O)N(CH₃)— NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₁N₇O₆S 674.38 674.4 (CH₂)₂N(CH₃) 199 1 2 N SCH₂C(O) NC(O)CH₃ C₃₁H₄₃N₅O₄S 582.32 582.2 200 1 2 N SCH₂C(O) NC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₄S 611.35 611.4 201 1 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₆S 616.33 616.2 202 1 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₅S 600.31 600.4 203 1 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₀H₄₅N₅O₆S₂ 636.30 636.2 204 1 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ NC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅S 629.36 629.4 205 1 2 N S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ S(O)₂ C₂₉H₄₂N₄O₆S₂ 607.27 607.2 206 1 2 N S(O)₂CH₂C(O) NC(O)CH₃ C₃₁H₄₃N₅O₆S 614.31 614.2 207 1 1 C S(O)₂CH₂C(O)N(CH₃) S(O)₂ C₃₀H₄₂N₄O₇S₂ 635.26 635.2 208 1 2 N S(O)₂CH₂C(O) NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₁H₄₃N₅O₇S 630.30 630.2 209 1 2 N S(O)₂CH₂C(O) NC(O)-tetrahydro- C₃₄H₄₇N₅O₇S 670.34 670.2 furan-2-yl 210 1 2 N S(O)₂CH₂C(O) S(O)₂ C₂₉H₄₀N₄O₇S₂ 621.25 621.2 211 1 1 C S(O)₂CH₂C(O)N(CH₃) NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₇S₂ 693.32 693.2 212 1 2 N S(O)₂ NC(O)tetrahydro- C₃₂H₄₅N₅O₆S 628.31 628.2 furan-2-yl 213 1 2 N S(O)₂ NC(O)CH₃ C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₅S 572.28 572.2 214 1 1 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) S(O)₂ C₂₈H₄₀N₄O₆S₂ 593.25 593.2 215 1 2 N S(O)₂ S(O)₂ C₂₇H₃₈N₄O₆S₂ 579.24 579.2 216 1 1 C S(O)₂N(CH₃₎ NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₀H₄₆N₆O₆S₂ 651.31 651.2 217 1 2 N S(O)₂ NC(O)OCH₃ C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₆S 588.29 588.2 218 1 2 N OC(O) NS(O)₂CH₃ C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₆S 588.28 588.2 219 1 2 N OC(O) NC(O)tetrahydro- C₃₃H₄₅N₅O₆ 608.34 608.4 furan-2-yl 220 1 1 C OC(O)N(CH₃) S(O)₂ C₂₉H₄₀N₄O₆S 573.28 573.2 221 1 1 C OC(O)N(CH₃) NS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₆S 631.34 631.2 222 1 2 N OC(O) NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₀H₄₁N₅O₆ 568.32 568.2 223 1 2 N OC(O) NC(O)CH₃ C₃₀H₄₁N₅O₅ 552.31 552.4 224 1 2 N

NC(O)OCH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₆S 657.35 657.4 225 1 2 N

NC(O)tetrahydro-furan-2-yl C₃₆H₅₂N₆O₆S 697.38 697.4 226 1 2 N

NC(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅S 641.36 641.4 227 1 2 N

NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₆S₂ 677.32 677.2 228 1 3 N

NC(O)CH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₅S 655.37 655.4 229 1 3 N

NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S₂ 691.34 691.4 230 1 2 N

NC(O)tetrahydro-furan-2-yl C₃₇H₅₂N₆O₆ 677.41 677.4 231 1 2 N

NC(O)CH₃ C₃₄H₄₈N₆O₅ 621.39 621.4 232 1 2 N

NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₆S 657.35 657.4 233 1 3 N

NC(O)CH₃ C₃₅H₅₀N₆O₅ 635.40 635.4 234 1 3 N

NS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₆S 671.37 671.4

TABLE 2 (I-d)

Molecular Calc'd Obsd No. a b Q Y Formula [M + H] [M + H] 235 1 1 S(O)₂ 3-N(CH₃)₂ C₂₉H₄₃N₅O₄S 558.30 558.3 236 1 2 S(O)₂ 4-CH₂NHS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₀H₄₁N₅O₆S₂ 636.30 636.3 237 0 1 S(O)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃ C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₅S 572.30 572.2 238 0 1 S(O)₂ 3-N(CH₃)₂ C₂₈H₄₁N₅O₄S 544.30 544.2 239 0 2 S(O)₂ 4-OH C₂₇H₃₈N₄O₅S 531.27 531.1 240 0 2 N{S(O)₂CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S 659.37 659.4 241 0 2 N{S(O)₂CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)CH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅S 629.36 629.4 242 0 2 N{S(O)₂CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 2-C(O)NH₂ C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₅S 615.34 615.2 243 0 2 N{S(O)₂CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₅₀N₆O₆S₂ 679.34 679.2 244 0 2 S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)OCH₃ C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₆S 630.34 630.2 245 0 2 S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₅S 643.37 643.4 246 0 2 S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)CH₃ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₅S 600.33 600.2 247 0 2 S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ 4-CH₂NHS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₁H₄₇N₅O₆S₂ 650.31 650.2 248 0 2 S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ 3-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₆S 630.34 630.2 249 1 2 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₆S 673.38 673.4 250 1 2 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)OCH₃ C₃₅H₅₂N₆O₆ 653.41 653.4 251 1 2 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃ C₃₅H₅₂N₆O₅ 637.42 637.4 252 1 2 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₃N₇O₆S 688.40 688.4 253 1 2 N(C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)OCH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₆ 639.40 639.4 254 1 2 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)CH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₅ 623.40 623.4 255 1 2 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₅H₅₃N₇O₅ 652.43 652.4 256 1 2 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-C(O)NH₂ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅ 609.39 609.4 257 1 2 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 4-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₅H₅₂N₆O₆ 653.41 653.4 258 1 2 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 4-CH₂NHS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₆S 673.38 673.4 259 1 1 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅ 609.39 609.4 260 1 1 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)OCH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₆ 625.38 625.4 261 1 1 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₁N₇O₆S 674.38 674.4 262 1 1 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₆ 639.40 639.4 263 1 1 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₅ 623.40 623.4 264 1 1 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₃N₇O₆S 688.40 688.4 265 1 1 N{C(O)OCH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₅H₅₃N₇O₅ 652.43 652.4 266 1 2 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₅S 657.39 657.4 267 1 2 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)OCH₃ C₃₅H₅₂N₆O₅ 637.42 637.4 268 1 2 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₃N₇O₅S 672.40 672.4 269 1 2 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)OCH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₅ 623.40 623.4 270 1 2 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)CH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₄ 607.41 607.4 271 1 2 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₅H₅₃N₇O₄ 636.43 636.4 272 1 2 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-C(O)NH₂ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₄ 593.39 593.4 273 1 2 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 4-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₅H₅₂N₆O₅ 637.42 637.4 274 1 2 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 4-CH₂NHS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₅S 657.39 657.4 275 1 1 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₄ 593.39 593.4 276 1 1 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)OCH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅ 609.39 609.4 277 1 1 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-NHS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₁N₇O₅S 658.38 658.4 278 1 1 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₅ 623.40 623.4 279 1 1 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₄ 607.41 607.4 280 1 1 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₃N₇O₅S 672.40 672.4 281 1 1 N{C(O)CH₃}(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₅H₅₃N₇O₄ 636.43 636.4 282 1 2 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₂N₆O₆S₂ 693.36 693.3 283 1 2 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)OCH₃ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₆S 673.38 673.3 284 1 2 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₅S 657.39 657.3 285 1 2 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-NHS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₃N₇O₆S₂ 708.37 708.3 286 1 2 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)OCH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S 659.37 659.3 287 1 2 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₅S 643.37 643.3 288 1 2 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₃N₇O₅S 672.40 672.3 289 1 2 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-C(O)NH₂ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅S 629.36 629.3 290 1 2 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 4-CH₂NHS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₂N₆O₆S₂ 693.36 693.2 291 1 1 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)CH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅S 629.36 629.3 292 1 1 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-NHC(O)OCH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₆S 645.35 645.3 293 1 1 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-NHS(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₅₁N₇O₆S₂ 694.35 694.3 294 1 1 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₅S 643.37 643.3 295 1 1 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₃N₇O₆S₂ 708.37 708.3 296 1 2 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₆S 673.38 673.4 297 1 2 S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₀H₄₅N₅O₆S₂ 636.30 636.2 298 1 2 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-C(O)NH₂ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅ 609.39 609.4 299 1 2 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₆S 673.38 673.4 300 1 2 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 4-CH₂NHS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₆S 673.38 673.4 301 1 2 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 4-OH C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₅ 582.37 582.4 302 1 2 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 4-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₅H₅₂N₆O₆ 653.41 653.4 303 1 1 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₆ 639.40 639.4 304 1 1 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S 659.37 659.4 305 1 1 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₃N₇O₆S 688.40 688.4 306 1 1 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₅ 623.40 623.4 307 0 2 oC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-C(O)NH₂ C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₅ 595.37 595.4 308 0 2 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S 659.37 659.4 309 0 2 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 4-CH₂NI{S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S 659.37 659.4 310 0 2 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 4-OH C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₅ 568.36 568.4 311 0 2 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 4-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₆ 639.40 639.4 312 0 1 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₆ 625.38 625.4 313 0 1 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₆S 645.35 645.4 314 0 1 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₅₁N₇O₆S 674.38 674.4 315 0 1 OC(O)N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅ 609.39 609.4 316 1 2 SCH₂C(O) 4-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₅S₂ 646.32 646.2 317 1 2 S(O)₂(CH₂)₂ 4-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₄₉N₅O₆S₂ 664.33 664.2 318 1 2 S(O)₂CH₂C(O) 4-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₇S₂ 678.31 678.2 319 1 2 S(O)₂CH₂C(O) 3-C(O)NH₂ C₃₁H₄₃N₅O₆S 614.31 614.2 320 1 2 S(O)₂ 4-CH₂NHC(O)OCH₃ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₆S 616.33 616.2 321 1 2 S(O)₂ 4-CH₂N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₁H₄₇N₅O₆S₂ 650.31 650.2 322 1 2 S(O)₂ 4-OH C₂₈H₄₀N₄O₅S 545.29 545.2 323 1 2 S(O)₂ 4-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₆S 616.33 616.2 324 1 2 S(O)₂ 3-C(O)NH₂ C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₅S 572.30 572.2 325 1 2 S(O)₂ 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₀H₄₅N₅O₆S₂ 636.30 636.2 326 1 1 S(O)₂ 3-N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃ C₃₀H₄₃N₅O₅S 586.31 586.2 327 1 1 S(O)₂ 3-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₀H₄₃N₅O₆S 602.31 602.2 328 1 2 OC(O) 4-CH₂NHC(O)OCH₃ C₃₂H₄₅N₅O₆ 596.35 596.4 329 1 2 OC(O) 4-CH₂NHS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₆S 616.33 616.2 330 1 2 OC(O) 4-CH₂N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₆S 630.34 630.4 331 1 2 OC(O) 4-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₄₅N₅O₆ 596.35 596.4 332 1 2 OC(O) 3-C(O)NH₂ C₃₀H₄₁N₅O₅ 552.33 552.2 333 1 2 OC(O) 3-N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃ C₃₂H₄₅N₅O₅ 580.36 580.4 334 1 2 OC(O) 3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₆S 616.33 616.2 335 1 1 OC(O) 3-N(CH₃)C(O)CH₃ C₃₁H₄₃N₅O₅ 566.34 566.4 336 1 1 OC(O) 3-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₁H₄₃N₅O₆ 582.34 582.4 337 1 2 OC(O) 3-CH₂OH C₃₀H₄₂N₄O₅ 539.33 539.4 338 T 2 OC(O) 4-OH C₂₉H₄₀N₄O₅ 525.30 525.2 339 1 2

4-OH C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₅S 614.35 614.2 340 1 2

4-CH₂NHS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₄H₅₂N₆O₆S₂ 705.36 705.4 341 1 2

3-C(O)NH₂ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅S 641.36 641.4 342 1 1

3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S₂ 691.34 691.2 343 1 1

3-N(CH₃)CH₂—C(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅S 629.36 629.4 344 1 2

4-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₅H₅₂N₆O₆S 685.38 685.4 345 1 2

4-OH C₃₃H₄₇N₅O₅ 594.37 594.4 346 1 2

4-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₆H₅₂N₆O₆ 665.41 665.4 347 1 2

4-CH₂NHS(O)₂CH₃ C₃₅H₅₂N₆O₆S 685.38 685.4 348 1 2

4-CH₂NHC(O)OCH₃ C₃₆H₅₂N₆O₆ 665.41 665.4 349 1 1

3-N(CH₃)S(O)₂CH₃ C₃₄H₅₀N₆O₆S 671.37 671.4 350 1 1

3-OC(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₅H₅₀N₆O₆ 651.40 651.4 351 1 1

3-N(CH₃)CH₂—C(O)N(CH₃)₂ C₃₃H₄₈N₆O₅ 609.39 609.4

TABLE 3 (I)

Molecular Calc'd Obsd No. a Z Formula [M + H] [M + H] 352 0

C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₅S 572.30 572.3 353 1

C₂₈H₃₉N₅O₅S 558.28 558.3 354 0

C₂₇H₃₈N₄O₅S 531.27 531.2 355 0

C₃₁H₄₈N₆O₆S 633.35 633.2 356 0

C₃₁H₄₅N₅O₆ 584.35 584.2 357 0

C₃₁H₄₄N₆O₅ 581.35 581.2 358 0

C₃₂H₄₈N₆O₅ 597.39 597.3 359 0

C₃₂H₄₇N₇O₄ 594.39 594.3 360 0

C₂₇H₃₈N₄O₄S₂ 547.25 547.2 361 0

C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₄S 527.28 527.2 362 0

C₃₂H₃₉N₅O₃S 574.29 574.2 363 0

C₂₇H₃₆N₄O₃S 497.27 497.2 364 0

C₂₈H₃₉N₅O₃S 526.29 526.2 365 0

C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₃S 511.28 511.2 366 0

C₂₇H₃₇N₅O₃S 512.28 512.2 367 0

C₂₉H₄₁N₅O₃S 540.31 540.2 368 0

C₂₈H₃₉N₅O₃S 526.29 526.2 369 0

C₂₇H₃₇N₅O₃S 512.28 512.2 370 0

C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₃S 511.28 511.2 371 1

C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₆ 598.37 598.4 372 1

C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₆S 659.37 659.4 373 1

C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₅ 595.37 595.4 374 1

C₃₂H₄₇N₅O₅ 582.37 582.4 375 1

C₃₃H₅₀N₆O₅S 643.37 643.4 376 1

C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₄ 579.37 579.4 377 0

C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₆S 559.27 559.4 378 0

C₂₈H₃₈N₄O₆S 559.27 559.4 379 1

C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₅S 615.34 615.3 380 1

C₃₁H₄₇N₅O₆S 618.34 618.3 381 1

C₃₂H₅₀N₆O₆S₂ 679.34 679.3 382 1

C₃₁H₄₆N₆O₅S 615.34 615.2 383 1

C₃₃H₅₁N₇O₆S 674.38 674.4 384 1

C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₅ 595.37 595.4 385 1

C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₅ 595.37 595.4 386 0

C₃₂H₄₉N₇O₆S 660.36 660.4 387 0

C₃₃1₁₄8_(N)O₅ 609.39 609.4 388 0

C_(3I)H₄₄N₆O₅ 581.35 581.4 389 0

C₃₁H₄₄N₆O₅ 581.35 581.4 390 1

C₃₀H₄₃N₅O₅S 586.31 586.2 391 1

C₃₀H₄₁N₅O₆S 600.29 600.2 392 1

C₃₀H₄₃N₅O₅S 586.31 586.2 393 1

C₃₀H₄₄N₆O₆S 617.32 617.2 394 1

C₃₂H₄₆N₆O₅S 627.34 627.4 395 1

C₃₃H₄₆N₆O₅ 607.37 607.4

TABLE 4 (I-c)

No. a b X Q W 396 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NH 397 1 2 C S(O)₂N(CH₃) NH 398 0 2 C N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂} S(O)₂ 399 0 1 C N{C(O)-pyridin-4-yl} S 400 0 2 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NS(O)₂CH₃ 401 0 2 C N{C(O)CH₃} NC(O)CH₃ 402 0 2 C N{C(O)H} NC(O)H 403 0 1 C N{S(O)₂CH₃} NS(O)₂CH₃ 404 0 1 C N{C(O)CH₃} NC(O)CH₃ 405 0 1 C N{C(O)H} NC(O)H 406 1 2 C N{C(O)CH₃} NC(O)CH₃ 407 1 2 C N{C(O)H} NC(O)H 408 1 1 C N{C(O)CH₃} NC(O)CH₃ 409 1 1 C N{C(O)H} NC(O)H 410 0 2 C N{C(O)N(CH₃)₂} NC(O)H 411 1 1 C S(O)₂N(CH₃)(CH₂)₂N(CH₃) NS(O)₂CH₃ 412 1 2 N SCH₂C(O) NS(O)₂CH₃ 413 1 2 N S(O)₂CH₂C(O) NS(O)₂CH₃ 414 1 2 N OC(O) N(CH₂)₂OH 415 1 2 N OC(O) S(O)₂

TABLE 5 (I)

No. a Z 416 0

417 0

418 0

419 0

420 0

421 0

422 1

423 1

Example 29 Radioligand Binding Assay on 5-HT_(4(c)) Human Receptors

a. Membrane Preparation 5-HT_(4(c))

HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells stably-transfected with human 5-HT_(4(c)) receptor cDNA (Bmax=˜6.0 pmol/mg protein, as determined using [³H]-GR113808 membrane radioligand binding assay) were grown in T-225 flasks in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) containing 4,500 mg/L D-glucose and pyridoxine hydrochloride (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad Caluf.: Cat #11965) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp.: Cat #10437), 2 mM L-glutamine and (100 units) penicillin-(100 μg) streptomycin/ml (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp.: Cat #15140) in a 5% CO₂, humidified incubator at 37° C. Cells were grown under continuous selection pressure by the addition of 800 μg/mL geneticin (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp.: Cat #10131) to the medium.

Cells were grown to roughly 60-80% confluency (<35 subculture passages). At 20-22 hours prior to harvesting, cells were washed twice and fed with serum-free DMEM. All steps of the membrane preparation were performed on ice. The cell monolayer was lifted by gentle mechanical agitation and trituration with a 25 mL pipette. Cells were collected by centrifugation at 1000 rpm (5 min).

For the membrane preparation, cell pellets were resuspended in ice-cold 50 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulphonic acid (HEPES), pH 7.4 (membrane preparation buffer) (40 mL/total cell yield from 30-40 T225 flasks) and homogenized using a polytron disrupter (setting 19, 2×10 s) on ice. The resultant homogenates were centrifuged at 1200 g for 5 min at 4° C. The pellet was discarded and the supernatant centrifuged at 40,000 g (20 min). The pellet was washed once by resuspension with membrane preparation buffer and centrifugation at 40,000 g (20 min). The final pellet was resuspended in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.4 (assay buffer) (equivalent 1 T225 flask/1 mL). Protein concentration of the membrane suspension was determined by the method of Bradford (Bradford, 1976). Membranes were stored frozen in aliquots at −80° C.

b. Radioligand Binding Assays

Radioligand binding assays were performed in 1.1 mL 96-deep well polypropylene assay plates (Axygen) in a total assay volume of 400 μL containing 2 μg membrane protein in 50 mM HEPES pH 7.4, containing 0.025% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Saturation binding studies for determination of K_(d) values of the radioligand were performed using [³H]-GR113808 (Amersham Inc., Bucks, UK: Cat #TRK944; specific activity ˜82 Ci/mmol) at 8-12 different concentrations ranging from 0.001 nM-5.0 nM. Displacement assays for determination of pK_(i) values of compounds were performed with [³H]-GR113808 at 0.15 nM and eleven different concentrations of compound ranging from 10 pM-100 μM.

Test compounds were received as 10 mM stock solutions in DMSO and diluted to 400 μM into 50 mM HEPES pH 7.4 at 25° C., containing 0.1% BSA, and serial dilutions (1:5) then made in the same buffer. Non-specific binding was determined in the presence of 1 μM unlabeled GR113808. Assays were incubated for 60 min at room temperature, and then the binding reactions were terminated by rapid filtration over 96-well GF/B glass fiber filter plates (Packard BioScience Co., Meriden, Conn.) presoaked in 0.3% polyethyleneimine. Filter plates were washed three times with filtration buffer (ice-cold 50 mM HEPES, pH7.4) to remove unbound radioactivity. Plates were dried, 35 μL Microscint-20 liquid scintillation fluid (Packard BioScience Co., Meriden, Coon.) was added to each well and plates were counted in a Packard Topcount liquid scintillation counter (Packard BioScience Co., Meriden, Conn.).

Binding data were analyzed by nonlinear regression analysis with the GraphPad Prism Software package (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, Calif.) using the 3-parameter model for one-site competition. The BOTTOM (curve minimum) was fixed to the value for nonspecific binding, as determined in the presence of 1 μM GR113808. K_(i) values for test compounds were calculated, in Prism, from the best-fit IC₅₀ values, and the K_(d) value of the radioligand, using the Cheng-Prusoff equation (Cheng and Prusoff, Biochemical Pharmacology, 1973, 22, 3099-108): K_(i)=IC₅₀/(1+[L]/K_(d)) where [L]=concentration [³H]-GR113808. Results are expressed as the negative decadic logarithm of the K_(i) values, pK_(i).

Test compounds having a higher pK_(i) value in this assay have a higher binding affinity for the 5-HT₄ receptor. The compounds of the invention which were tested in this assay had a pK_(i) value ranging from about 6.3 to about 9.4, typically ranging from about 6.5 to about 8.5.

Example 30 Radioligand Binding Assay on 5-HT_(3A) Human Receptors: Determination of Receptor Subtype Selectivity

a. Membrane Preparation 5-HT_(3A)

HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells stably-transfected with human 5-HT_(3A) receptor cDNA were obtained from Dr. Michael Bruess (University of Bonn, GDR) (Bmax=˜9.0 pmol/mg protein, as determined using [³H]-GR65630 membrane radioligand binding assay). Cells were grown in T-225 flasks or cell factories in 50% Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, Calif.: Cat #11965) and 50% Ham's F12 (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp.: Cat #11765) supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Hyclone, Logan, Utah: Cat #SH30070.03) and (50 units) penicillin-(50 μg) streptomycin/ml (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp.: Cat #15140) in a 5% CO₂, humidified incubator at 37° C.

Cells were grown to roughly 70-80% confluency (<35 subculture passages). All steps of the membrane preparation were performed on ice. To harvest the cells, the media was aspirated and cells were rinsed with Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺-free Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (dPBS). The cell monolayer was lifted by gentle mechanical agitation. Cells were collected by centrifugation at 1000 rpm (5 min). Subsequent steps of the membrane preparation followed the protocol described above for the membranes expressing 5-HT_(4(c)) receptors.

b. Radioligand Binding Assays

Radioligand binding assays were performed in 96-well polypropylene assay plates in a total assay volume of 200 μL containing 1.5-2 μg membrane protein in 50 mM HEPES pH 7.4, containing 0.025% BSA assay buffer. Saturation binding studies for determination of K_(d) values of the radioligand were performed using [³H]-GR65630 (PerkinElmer Life Sciences Inc., Boston, Mass.: Cat #NET1011, specific activity ˜85 Ci/mmol) at twelve different concentrations ranging from 0.005 nM to 20 nM. Displacement assays for determination of pK_(i) values of compounds were performed with [³H]-GR65630 at 0.50 nM and eleven different concentrations of compound ranging from 10 pM to 100 μM. Compounds were received as 10 mM stock solutions in DMSO (see section 3.1), diluted to 400 μM into 50 mM HEPES pH 7.4 at 25° C., containing 0.1% BSA, and serial (1:5) dilutions then made in the same buffer. Non-specific binding was determined in the presence of 10 μM unlabeled MDL72222. Assays were incubated for 60 min at room temperature, then the binding reactions were terminated by rapid filtration over 96-well GF/B glass fiber filter plates (Packard BioScience Co., Meriden, Conn.) presoaked in 0.3% polyethyleneimine. Filter plates were washed three times with filtration buffer (ice-cold 50 mM HEPES, pH7.4) to remove unbound radioactivity. Plates were dried, 35 μL Microscint-20 liquid scintillation fluid (Packard BioScience Co., Meriden, Conn.) was added to each well and plates were counted in a Packard Topcount liquid scintillation counter (Packard BioScience Co., Meriden, Conn.).

Binding data were analyzed using the non-linear regression procedure described above to determine K_(i) values. The BOTTOM (curve minimum) was fixed to the value for nonspecific binding, as determined in the presence of 10 μM MDL72222. The quantity [L]in the Cheng-Prusoff equation was defined as the concentration [³H]-GR65630.

Selectivity for the 5-HT₄ receptor subtype with respect to the 5-HT₃ receptor subtype was calculated as the ratio K_(i)(5-HT_(3A))/K_(i)(5-HT_(4(c))). The compounds of the invention which were tested in this assay had a 5-HT₄/5-HT₃ receptor subtype selectivity ranging from about 10 to about 95,000, typically ranging from about 100 to about 4000.

Example 31 Whole-Cell cAMP Accumulation Flashplate Assay with HEK-293 Cells Expressing Human 5-HT_(4(c)) Receptors

In this assay, the functional potency of a test compound was determined by measuring the amount of cyclic AMP produced when HEK-293 cells expressing 5-HT₄ receptors were contacted with different concentrations of test compound.

a. Cell Culture

HEK-293 (human embryonic kidney) cells stably-transfected with cloned human 5-HT_(4(c)) receptor cDNA were prepared expressing the receptor at two different densities: (1) at a density of about 0.5-0.6 pmol/mg protein, as determined using a [³H]-GR113808 membrane radioligand binding assay, and (2) at a density of about 6.0 pmol/mg protein. The cells were grown in T-225 flasks in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) containing 4,500 mg/L D-glucose (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp.: Cat #11965) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp.: Cat #10437) and (100 units) penicillin-(100 μg) streptomycin/ml (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp.: Cat #15140) in a 5% CO₂, humidified incubator at 37° C. Cells were grown under continuous selection pressure by the addition of geneticin (800 μg/mL: GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp.: Cat #10131) to the medium.

b. Cell Preparation

Cells were grown to roughly 60-80% confluency. Twenty to twenty-two hours prior to assay, cells were washed twice, and fed, with serum-free DMEM containing 4,500 mg/L D-glucose (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp.: Cat #11965). To harvest the cells, the media was aspirated and 10 mL Versene (GIBCO-Invitrogen Corp.: Cat #15040) was added to each T-225 flask. Cells were incubated for 5 min at RT and then dislodged from the flask by mechanical agitation. The cell suspension was transferred to a centrifuge tube containing an equal volume of pre-warmed (37° C.) dPBS and centrifuged for 5 min at 1000 rpm. The supernatant was discarded and the pellet was re-suspended in pre-warmed (37° C.) stimulation buffer (10 mL equivalent per 2-3 T-225 flasks). This time was noted and marked as time zero. The cells were counted with a Coulter counter (count above 8 μm, flask yield was 1-2×10⁷ cells/flask). Cells were resuspended at a concentration of 5×10⁵ cells/ml in pre-warmed (37° C.) stimulation buffer (as provided in the flashplate kit) and preincubated at 37° C. for 10 min.

cAMP assays were performed in a radioimmunoassay format using the Flashplate Adenylyl Cyclase Activation Assay System with ¹²⁵I-cAMP (SMP004B, PerkinElmer Life Sciences Inc., Boston, Mass.), according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Cells were grown and prepared as described above. Final cell concentrations in the assay were 25×10³ cells/well and the final assay volume was 100 μL. Test compounds were received as 10 mM stock solutions in DMSO, diluted to 400 μM into 50 mM HEPES pH 7.4 at 25° C., containing 0.1% BSA, and serial (1:5) dilutions then made in the same buffer. Cyclic AMP accumulation assays were performed with 11 different concentrations of compound ranging from 10 pM to 100 μM (final assay concentrations). A 5-HT concentration-response curve (10 pM to 100 μM) was included on every plate. The cells were incubated, with shaking, at 37° C. for 15 min and the reaction terminated by addition of 100 μL of ice-cold detection buffer (as provided in the flashplate kit) to each well. The plates were sealed and incubated at 4° C. overnight. Bound radioactivity was quantified by scintillation proximity spectroscopy using the Topcount (Packard BioScience Co., Meriden, Conn.).

The amount of cAMP produced per mL of reaction was extrapolated from the cAMP standard curve, according to the instructions provided in the manufacturer's user manual. Data were analyzed by nonlinear regression analysis with the GraphPad Prism Software package using the 3-parameter sigmoidal dose-response model (slope constrained to unity). Potency data are reported as pEC₅₀ values, the negative decadic logarithm of the EC₅₀ value, where EC₅₀ is the effective concentration for a 50% maximal response.

Test compounds exhibiting a higher pEC₅₀ value in this assay have a higher potency for agonizing the 5-HT₄ receptor. The compounds of the invention which were tested in this assay, for example, in the cell line (1) having a density of about 0.5-0.6 pmol/mg protein, had a pEC₅₀ value ranging from about 7.0 to about 9.5, typically ranging from about 7.5 to about 8.5.

Example 32 In vitro Voltage Clamp Assay of Inhibition of Potassium Ion Current in Whole Cells Expressing the hERG Cardiac Potassium Channel

CHO-K1 cells stably transfected with hERG cDNA were obtained from Gail Robertson at the University of Wisconsin. Cells were held in cryogenic storage until needed. Cells were expanded and passaged in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium/F12 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 200 μg/mL geneticin. Cells were seeded onto poly-D-lysine (100 μg/mL) coated glass coverslips, in 35 mm² dishes (containing 2 mL medium) at a density that enabled isolated cells to be selected for whole cell voltage-clamp studies. The dishes were maintained in a humidified, 5% CO₂ environment at 37° C.

Extracellular solution was prepared at least every 7 days and stored at 4° C. when not in use. The extracellular solution contained (mM): NaCl (137), KCl (4), CaCl₂ (1.8), MgCl₂ (1), Glucose (10), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulphonic acid (HEPES) (10), pH 7.4 with NaOH. The extracellular solution, in the absence or presence of test compound, was contained in reservoirs, from which it flowed into the recording chamber at approximately 0.5 mL/min. The intracellular solution was prepared, aliquoted and stored at −20° C. until the day of use. The intracellular solution contained (mM): KCl (130), MgCl₂ (1), ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,′,N′-tetra acetic acid salt (EGTA) (5), MgATP (5), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulphonic acid (HEPES) (10), pH 7.2 with KOH. All experiments were performed at room temperature (20-22° C.).

The coverslips on which the cells were seeded were transferred to a recording chamber and perfused continuously. Gigaohm seals were formed between the cell and the patch electrode. Once a stable patch was achieved, recording commenced in the voltage clamp mode, with the initial holding potential at −80 mV. After a stable whole-cell current was achieved, the cells were exposed to test compound. The standard voltage protocol was: step from the holding potential of −80 mV to +20 mV for 4.8 sec, repolarize to −50 mV for 5 sec and then return to the original holding potential (−80 mV). This voltage protocol was run once every 15 sec (0.067 Hz). Peak current amplitudes during the repolarization phase were determined using pClamp software. Test compounds at a concentration of 3 μM were perfused over the cells for 5 minutes, followed by a 5-minute washout period in the absence of compound. Finally a positive control (cisapride, 20 nM) was added to the perfusate to test the function of the cell. The step from −80 mV to +20 mV activates the hERG channel, resulting in an outward current. The step back to −50 mV results in an outward tail current, as the channel recovers from inactivation and deactivates.

Peak current amplitudes during the repolarization phase were determined using pCLAMP software. The control and test article data were exported to Origin® (OriginLab Corp., Northampton Mass.) where the individual current amplitudes were normalized to the initial current amplitude in the absence of compound. The normalized current means and standard errors for each condition were calculated and plotted versus the time course of the experiment.

Comparisons were made between the observed K⁺ current inhibitions after the five-minute exposure to either the test article or vehicle control (usually 0.3% DMSO). Statistical comparisons between experimental groups were performed using a two-population, independent t-test (Microcal Origin v. 6.0). Differences were considered significant at p<0.05.

The smaller the percentage inhibition of the potassium ion current in this assay, the smaller the potential for test compounds to change the pattern of cardiac repolarization when used as therapeutic agents. The compounds of the invention which were tested in this assay at a concentration of 3 μM typically exhibited an inhibition of the potassium ion current of less than about 20%. For example, the compound of Example 17 when tested in this assay exhibited an inhibition of the potassium ion current of less than about 15%.

Example 33 Pharmacokinetic Study in the Rat

Aqueous solution formulations of test compounds were prepared in 0.1% lactic acid at a pH of between about 5 and about 6. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (CD strain, Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, Mass.) were dosed with test compounds via intravenous administration (IV) at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg or by oral gavage (PO) at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The dosing volume was 1 mL/kg for IV and 2 mL/kg for PO administration. Serial blood samples were collected from animals pre-dose, and at 2 (IV only), 5, 15, and 30 min, and at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours post-dose. Concentrations of test compounds in blood plasma were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS) (MDS SClEX, API 4000, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.) with a lower limit of quantitation of 1 ng/mL.

Standard pharmacokinetic parameters were assessed by non-compartmental analysis (Model 201 for IV and Model 200 for PO) using WinNonlin (Version 4.0.1, Pharsight, Mountain View, Calif.). The maximum in the curve of test compound concentration in blood plasma vs. time is denoted C_(max). The area under the concentration vs. time curve from the time of dosing to the last measurable concentration (AUC(0-t)) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. Oral bioavailability (F(%)), i.e. the dose-normalized ratio of AUC(0-t) for PO administration to AUC(0-t) for IV administration, was calculated as: F(%)=AUC _(PO) /AUC _(IV)×Dose_(IV)/Dose_(PO)×100%

Test compounds which exhibit larger values of the parameters C_(max), AUC(0-t), and F(%) in this assay are expected to have greater bioavailability when administered orally. The compounds of the invention that were tested in this assay typically had C_(max) values ranging from about 0.01 to about 1.2 μg/mL, more typically ranging from about 0.1 to about 0.5 μg/mL, and AUC(0-t) values typically ranging from about 0.15 to about 1.4 μg·hr/mL, more typically ranging from about 0.2 to about 0.8 μg·hr/mL. By way of example, the compound of Example 17 when tested in this assay had a C_(max) value of 0.06 μg/mL, an AUC(0-t) value of 0.45 μg·hr/mL and oral bioavailability (F(%)) in the rat model of about 20%.

While the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation, material, composition of matter, process, process step or steps, to the objective, spirit and scope of the present invention. All such modifications are intended to be within the scope of the claims appended hereto. Additionally, all publications, patents, and patent documents cited hereinabove are incorporated by reference herein in full, as though individually incorporated by reference. 

1. A compound of formula (I):

wherein R¹ is hydrogen, halo, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R² is C₃₋₄alkyl or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl; a is 0 or 1; Z is a moiety of formula (a):

wherein: b is 1, 2 or 3; d is 0 or 1; X is carbon and Q is selected from -A-, -A(CH₂)₂N(⁴)—, and —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂N(R⁴)—; or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —S(O)₂CH₂C(O)—, —SCH₂C(O)—, —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, -A(CH₂)₂—,

G is W and c is 0, wherein W is selected from —N{C(O)R⁹}—, —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—, —N{C(O)OR¹²}—, —N{C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴}—, —N{S(O)₂NR¹³R¹⁴}—, —N{R¹⁶}—, —S(O)₂—, —O—, and —S—; provided that when G is W, c is 0, and b is 1, then X is carbon; or G is carbon, c is 1, and Y is a moiety of formula (b):

wherein: e is 0 or 1; W′ is selected from —N(R⁸)C(O)R⁹, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂R¹⁰, —S(R¹¹)(O)₂, —N(R⁸)C(O)OR¹², —N(R⁸)C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂NR¹³R¹⁴, —C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —OC(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —C(O)OR¹², —OR¹⁵, and —N(R⁸)R¹⁶; provided that when X is nitrogen, e is 0, and W′ is attached to a carbon bonded to X, then W′ is —C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴ or —C(O)OR¹²; A is selected from —S(O)₂CH₂C(O)N(R³)—, —N{C(O)R⁵}—, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, —N{S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—, and —OC(O)N(R^(7b))—; R³ and R⁴ are independently C₁₋₄alkyl; R⁵ is hydrogen, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, C₄₋₆cycloalkyl, or pyrimidin-4-yl; R^(6a) and R^(6b) are independently hydrogen, C₅₋₆cycloalkyl, or C₁₋₄alkyl, wherein C₁₋₄alkyl is optionally substituted with hydroxy, C₁₋₃alkoxy, or cyano; R^(7a) and R^(7b) are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R⁸ is hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R⁹ is hydrogen, furanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyridinyl, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R¹⁰ is C₁₋₄alkyl, optionally substituted with S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl, or with from 1 to 3 halo; R¹¹ is —NR¹³R¹⁴, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R¹² is C₁₋₄alkyl; R¹³, R¹⁴, and R¹⁵ are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R¹⁶ is —(CH₂)_(r)—R¹⁷, wherein r is 0, 1, 2, or 3; R¹⁷ is hydrogen, hydroxy, cyano, C₁₋₃alkyl, C₁₋₃alkoxy, —C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —CF₃, pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyridinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, —N(R⁸)C(O)OR¹², —OC(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂CH₃, —S(O)₂NR¹³R¹⁴, or 2-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl, wherein C₁₋₃alkoxy is optionally substituted with hydroxy; provided that when r is 0, R¹⁷ is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₃alkyl, and pyridinyl; and when r is 1, R¹⁷ is hydrogen or R¹⁷ forms a carbon-carbon bond with the —(CH₂)_(r)— carbon atom; R¹⁸ is C₁₋₃alkyl optionally substituted with hydroxy; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
 2. The compound of claim 1 wherein R¹ is hydrogen or halo, R² is C₃₋₄alkyl, and d is
 0. 3. The compound of claim 2, wherein: X is carbon and Q is -A-; or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, and -A(CH₂)₂—.
 4. The compound of claim 3, wherein: X is carbon and Q is selected from —N{C(O)R⁵}—, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}—, and —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—; or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))(CH₂)₂—, —N{C(O)R⁵}(CH₂)₂—, and —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}(CH₂)₂.
 5. The compound of claim 3, wherein: G is W and c is 0, wherein W is selected from —N{C(O)R⁹}—, —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—, —N{C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴}—, —N{R¹⁶}—, and —S(O)₂—; or G is carbon, c is 1, and Y is a moiety of formula (b), wherein W′ is selected from —N(R⁸)C(O)R⁹, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂R¹⁰, —S(R¹¹)(O)₂, —N(R⁸)C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —OR¹⁵, and —N(R⁸)R¹⁶.
 6. The compound of claim 5, wherein G is W and c is
 0. 7. A compound of formula (I):

wherein: R¹ is hydrogen, halo, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R² is C₃₋₄alkyl or C₃₋₆cycloalkyl; a is 0 or 1; Z is a moiety of formula (c):

wherein: X is carbon and Q is -A-; or X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, and -A(CH₂)₂—; b is 1, X is carbon, and W is —S(O)₂—; or b is 2, X is carbon or nitrogen, and W is selected from —S(O)₂—, —N{C(O)R⁹}—, —N{S(O)₂R¹⁰}—, —N{C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴}—, and —N{R¹⁶}—; or Z is a moiety of formula (d):

wherein: Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, and -A(CH₂)₂—; W′ is selected from —N(R⁸)C(O)R⁹, —N(R⁸)S(O)₂R¹⁰, —S(R¹¹)(O)₂, —N(R⁸)C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴, —OR¹⁵, and —N(R⁸)R¹⁶; provided that when W′ is attached to a carbon atom bonded to the nitrogen atom of the ring, that W′ is —C(O)NR¹³R¹⁴; and b is 1 or 2; A is selected from —S(O)₂CH₂C(O)N(R³)—, —N{C(O)R⁵}—, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, —N{S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—, and —OC(O)N(R^(7b))—; R³ is C₁₋₄alkyl; R⁵ is hydrogen, C₁₋₃alkyl, or C₁₋₃alkoxy; R^(6a) and R^(6b) are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R^(7a) and R^(7b) are independently hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R⁸ is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R⁹ is tetrahydrofuranyl, methyl, or ethyl; R¹⁰ is methyl or ethyl; R¹¹ is methyl or ethyl; R¹³ and R¹⁴ are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R¹⁵ is hydrogen or methyl; R¹⁶ is —(CH₂)_(r)—R¹⁷, wherein r is 0, 1, or 2; and R¹⁷ is selected from hydroxy, cyano, C₁₋₃alkyl, and C₁₋₃alkoxy; provided that when r is 0, R¹⁷ is selected from C₁₋₃alkyl; and when r is 1, R¹⁷ is cyano or C₁₋₃alkyl; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
 8. The compound of claim 7, wherein Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is nitrogen and Q is selected from —OC(O)—, —S(O)₂—, —S(O)₂(CH₂)₂—, —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))(CH₂)₂—, —N{C(O)C₁₋₃alkoxy}(CH₂)₂—, and —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}(CH₂)₂—.
 9. The compound of claim 7, wherein Z is a moiety of formula (c), wherein X is carbon and Q is selected from —N{C(O)C₁₋₃alkoxy}-, —N{C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b)}—, —N{S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl}-, and —S(O)₂N(R^(7a))—.
 10. The compound of claim 7, wherein Z is a moiety of formula (d), wherein Q is selected from —OC(O)— and —S(O)₂—.
 11. The compound of claim 7, wherein the compound is selected from: 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(3-dimethylaminopyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{3-[4-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-sulfonyl]propyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(4-methylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[methanesulfonyl-(1-propylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(3-{[1-(2-methoxyethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methsulfamoyl}propyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{3-[(1-methanesulfonylpiperidin-4-yl)methylsulfamoyl]propyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(3-{[1-(2-cyanoethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methylsulfamoyl}propyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)methanesulfonylamino]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[1-(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-3,3-dimethylureido]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]-oct-3-yl)amide; (1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(2-{[2-(4-dimethylcarbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]methanesulfonylamino}ethyl)-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[2-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanesulfonyl]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid [(1S,3R,5R)-8-(2-{2-[4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonyl}ethyl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[2-(4-ethanesulfonylpiperazin-1-yl)ethanesulfonyl]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide; (1,1-dioxo-hexahydro-1λ⁶-thiopyran-4-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{2-[1-(1,1-dioxotetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-3-methylureido]ethyl}-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide; (2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)-amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-[2-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ylethyl]-carbamic acid methyl ester; [2-(4-dimethylcarbamoylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}-ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester; [2-(4-acetyl-piperazin-1-yl)ethyl]-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester; [2-(1,1-dioxo-1λ⁶-thiomorpholin-4-yl)ethyl]-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester; (1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester; ((S)-1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophen-3-yl)-(2-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}ethyl)-carbamic acid methyl ester; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(methyl-{2-[4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}sulfamoyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ((1S,3R,5R)-8-{3-[4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperazine-1-sulfonyl]propyl}-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)amide; 1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid {(1S,3R,5R)-8-[3-(4-acetylpiperazine-1-sulfonyl)propyl]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl}amide; 4-methanesulfonyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl ester; 4-(tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonyl)piperazine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl ester; 4-acetyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}propyl ester; and 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylic acid 3-{(1S,3R,5R)-3-[(1-isopropyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carbonyl)amino]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl}-propyl ester; and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts and solvates and stereoisomers thereof.
 12. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier.
 13. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I):

wherein R¹, R², a and Z are defined as in claim 1; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof, the process comprising reacting a compound of formula (III):

or a salt or stereoisomer thereof, with a compound of formula (IV):

wherein L¹ is a leaving group, to provide a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
 14. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I-a):

wherein: Q¹ is selected from —S(O)₂— and -A-; and D is selected from a moiety of formula (D1):

a moiety of formula (D2):

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R¹⁸, A, Y, G, a, b, c, and d are defined as in claim 1; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof, the process comprising reacting a compound of formula (V):

with a compound of formula (VI): H-D   (VI); to provide a compound of formula (I-a) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof.
 15. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I-b):

wherein: R^(a) is —C(O)R⁵, —C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b), —S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl, or —S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b); and E is selected from a moiety of formula (E1):

and a moiety of formula —CH₂CH₂-D, wherein D is selected from a moiety of formula (D1):

and a moiety of formula (D2):

wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁵, R^(6a), R^(6b), R¹⁸, Y, G, a, b, c, and d are as defined in claim 1; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or solvate or stereoisomer thereof, the process comprising reacting a compound of formula (VII):

with a compound of formula (VII): L³-R^(a)   (VIII) wherein L³-R^(a) is C₁₋₄alkylisocyanate, or L³ is a leaving group, and R^(a) is —C(O)R⁵, —C(O)NR^(6a)R^(6b), —S(O)₂C₁₋₃alkyl, or —S(O)₂NR^(6a)R^(6b); to provide a compound of formula (I-b) or a salt, or stereoisomer thereof. 